Students are advised to consult courses listed by these Departments.
Biology is the scientific study of life. At no time in history has biology
been more visible and important to human life and the
future of our planet. The study of biology has vast applications - in
understanding one's own body, in grappling with the ethical
questions that face humanity, and in understanding the interdependent
web of living organisms on the planet. Today the
biological sciences are experiencing a revolution. Important discoveries
occur almost weekly as scientists and their students
around the world develop and use new techniques, theories, and approaches.
The University of Toronto has many faculty conducting research and teaching
courses in the biological sciences. Within the
Faculty of Arts and Science, St. George campus, there is no single
biology department; instead, biology courses are taught by
members of the departments of Botany and Zoology. Each department offers
its own programs and courses, but also jointly
teaches Biology courses. Biology courses are available in the subject
areas of behaviour, evolution, ecology, cell and
molecular biology, genetics, and developmental biology. In addition,
there are courses offering a field experience for students
of Biology, Botany or Zoology. Students should consult the Biology,
Botany and Zoology entries in this Calendar. Because
many areas of biology draw on mathematics and the physical sciences,
background preparation in mathematics, chemistry and
physics is recommended for students pursuing a major or specialist
in biology.
Students entering their first year in the life sciences typically take BIO150Y1. BIO150Y1 is
taken by students who have
successfully completed OAC or grade 12 Biology (or an equivalent
course) and is a prerequisite for almost all further courses in
the life sciences. All students, regardless of campus or Faculty,
must abide by the stated course prerequisites and exclusions.
Counselling:
Botany Undergraduate Office, Room 3055A, Earth Sciences Centre, (416-978-7172)
or Zoology Undergraduate and BIO150Y1
Office, Room 019, Ramsay Wright Zoological Laboratories (416-978-2084).
BIO250Y1 and BIO349H1 Office,
Room 3053, Earth Sciences Centre (416-978-6442).
Biology Programs
Enrolment in the Biology programs requires completion of four courses; no minimum
GPA is required.
Notes:
1. Students in these Programs are encouraged to notify the Botany Undergraduate
Office, Room 3055A, Earth Sciences
Centre or the Zoology Undergraduate Office, Room 019, Ramsay Wright Zoological
Laboratories of their course selections,
beginning in the Second Year.
2. Other sciences, particularly Chemistry and Mathematics, are essential
for most advanced work in Biology.
Biology (Science program)
Consult Departments of Botany and Zoology.
Specialist program:
(12.5 or 13 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)
First Year:
BIO150Y1; (CHM138H1, CHM139H1)/CHM151Y1; JMB170Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT136Y1/MAT137Y1/MAT157Y1
See also Higher Years Group 1. below. (In selecting 100-series CHM and MAT courses, students should consider
prerequisites for courses they intend to take in higher years.)
Higher Years:
1. Any two of (CHM220H1, CHM247H1)/CHM249H1; PHY110Y1/PHY138Y1/PHY140Y1; (PSY201H1, PSY202H1)/STA220H1, (STA221H1/JBS
229H1)/(STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1, STA261H1)
NOTE: One of the two courses selected here could also be taken in First Year
2. BIO250Y1, BIO260H1; BOT251Y1; ZOO252Y1
3. One 200+ series half-course from BCH, BIO, BOT, ENV234Y1, HMB321H1, HPS323H1, HPS333H1, JZP, MGY312H1, ZOO
(excluding BOT202Y1, ZOO200Y1, ZOO214Y1, 215H1)
4. One 300+ series BOT course
5. One 300+ series from BIO/HMB321H1/HPS323H1/HPS333H1/JZP/MGY312H1/ZOO
6. One additional 400- series BIO/BOT/ ZOO
7. Any 300+ series course in ANA, ANT436H1, BCH, BIO, BOT, HMB321H1, HPS323H1, HPS333H1, IMM, JZP, MGY, PSL, or
ZOO
Major program:
(8 full courses or their equivalent)
First Year:
BIO150Y1; (CHM138H1, CHM139H1)/CHM151Y1
Higher Years:
1. BIO250Y1; BOT251Y1; ZOO252Y1
2. One 200+ series course from BCH, BIO, BOT, ENV234Y1, HMB321H1, HPS323H1, HPS333H1, JZP, MGY312H1, ZOO
(excluding BOT202Y1, ZOO200Y1, ZOO214Y1, 215H1)
3. Two 300+ level courses in: ANA, BCH, BIO, BOT, HMB321H1, HPS323H1, HPS333H1, IMM, JZP, MGY, PSL, or ZOO
Minor program:
(4 full courses or their equivalent)
1. BIO150Y1
2. BIO250Y1/BOT251Y1/ZOO252Y1
3. One course from BIO, BOT (excluding BOT202Y1), ENV234Y1, MGY460H1
4. One course from BIO, ENV234Y1, HMB321H1, HPS323H1, HPS333H1, JZP, MGY312H1, ZOO (excluding ZOO200Y1,
ZOO214Y1, 215H1)
NOTE: One of the courses chosen from 3. or 4. must be at the 300+ level.
Biogeography: see Geography
Biology, Human: see Human Biology
Biophysics: see Physics
Developmental Biology (Science program)
Consult the Departments of Botany and Zoology.
Enrolment in this program requires completion of four courses, including BIO150Y1; CHM138H1, CHM139H1/CHM151Y1;
JMB
170Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT136Y1/MAT137Y1/MAT157Y1;
no minimum GPA is required.
Specialist program:
(11.5 -12 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)
First Year:
BIO150Y1; (CHM138H1, CHM139H1)/CHM151Y1; JMB170Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT136Y1/MAT137Y1/MAT157Y1
Higher Years:
1. BCH210H1; BIO250Y1, BIO260H1/HMB265H1; BOT251Y1/ZOO252Y1; CHM220H1/CHM247H1/CHM249H1
2. BIO349H1/MGY311Y1*
3. BOT340H1; ZOO328H1
4. 1.5 (or 2.5**) courses from: ANA300Y1, ANA301H1; BCH304H1, 305H1, BCH340H1, BCH370H1, BCH425H1, BCH426H1; BIO458H1,
BIO461H1; BOT310H1, BOT341H1, BOT350H1, BOT450H1, BOT458H1; IMM334Y1/IMM335Y1, IMM429H1; JBI428H1; MGY312H1, MGY420H1, MGY425H1,
MGY451H1, MGY452H1, MGY460H1, MGY470H1; PSL303Y1, PSL420H1, 424H1; ZOO327H1, ZOO329H1, 330H1, 331H1, ZOO344H1,
425H1, 429H1,
430H1
5. 1.0 (or 2.0**) courses from BIO482Y1; BOT460Y1; MGY480Y1; ZOO498Y1
* With permission of Undergraduate Secretary, Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology
** Requirements 4 and 5 must include a total of at least 3.5 full courses
Ecology (Science program)
Consult Departments of Zoology and Botany.
Specialist program:
(13.5 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)
First Year:
BIO150Y1; (CHM138H1, CHM139H1)/CHM151Y1; JMB170Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT136Y1/MAT137Y1/MAT157Y1
Higher Years:
1. BIO250Y1, BIO260H1, BIO323H1; BOT251Y1/ZOO252Y1; ENV234Y1/ZOO265Y1
2. (PSY201H1, PSY202H1)/STA220H1, (STA221H1/JBS229H1)/(STA250H1, STA255H1)/STA257H1, STA261H1)
3. BIO301H1/BIO302H1/BIO303H1/BIO305H1/BIO306H1/BIO307H1/BIO308H1/BIO469H1/ZOO304H1/ZOO309Y1/ZOO360H1/ ZOO361H1
4. Two courses from: BIO319H1, BIO321H1, BIO324H1, BIO328H1, BIO365H1, BIO370H1, ZOO322H1
5. One course from: BIO494Y1, BIO495Y1, BIO496Y1
6. Two courses from: ANT436H1, BIO, BOT (except BOT202Y1), CHM, ENV (except ENV200Y1), GGR (only science
courses), GLG (except GLG100H1, GLG103H1, GLG105H1, GLG110H1), HMB321H1, HPS323H1, HPS333H1, JZP, MAT, PHY (except
PHY100H1, PHY110Y1), STA, ZOO (except ZOO200Y1, ZOO214Y1, 215H1) and at least 0.5 course at the 300+ level. BIO
370H1, 428H1, 440H1, 465H1, 469H1, 470H1, 471H1, ZOO373H1, ZOO375H1, ZOO433H1 are
recommended for this program
Environmental Biology (Minor): see Division of the
Environment
Evolutionary Biology (Science program)
Consult Departments of Zoology and Botany.
Specialist program:
(12.5 or 13 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)
First Year:
BIO150Y1; (CHM138H1, CHM139H1)/CHM151Y1; JMB170Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT136Y1/MAT137Y1/MAT157Y1
Higher Years:
1. BIO250Y1, BIO260H1; BOT251Y1/ZOO252Y1
2. (CHM220H1, CHM247H1)/CHM249H1/ (PSY201H1, PSY202H1)/STA220H1, (STA221H1/JBS229H1)/(STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1,
STA261H1)
3. (CHM220H1, CHM247H1)/CHM249H1/ (GLG110H1, GLG216H1)/MAT235Y1/MAT237Y1/PHY110Y1/PHY138Y1/PSY100Y1/(PSY201H1,
PSY202H1)/STA220H1, (STA221H1/JBS229H1)/(STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1, STA261H1)
4. BIO319H1, BIO323H1, BIO324H1; ZOO362H1
5. 3.5 courses from: ANT436H1, BIO, BOT (except BOT202Y1), ENV234Y1, HMB321H1, HPS323H1, HPS333H1, JZP, ZOO
(except ZOO200Y1, ZOO214Y1, 215H1). Of the three courses, one must be from: BIO301H1/BIO302H1/BIO303H1/
BIO305H1/BIO306H1/BIO307H1/BIO308H1/BIO469H1/ZOO304H1/ZOO309Y1/ZOO360H1/ZOO361H1, and one from: BIO494Y1, BIO495Y1, BIO496Y1,
ZOO
480Y1-BIO496Y1 (BIO494Y1 is recommended). BIO321H1, BIO365H1, BIO460H1, BIO470H1, ZOO462H1 are recommended for this
program.
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