GGR
Geography
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Introduction
Geography is the study of the environments created on the
earth's surface by nature and people. The physical and biological elements of these
environments, as well as their economic and social structure, historical development,
spatial organization, interrelationships, management and planning form the subject matter
of Geography. Geography, therefore, relates closely to other fields in natural science,
social science and the humanities, and geographers take courses in these related fields
along with their geography courses. Students specializing in other subjects often select
one or more geography courses to deepen their understanding of the resource base, culture
and economy of those parts of the world in which they are interested.
Employment opportunities for geographers exist in many
branches of international organizations, government, industry, and education. Geographers
work at all levels of government service, especially in agencies responsible for
environmental management; land and resource analysis; development of historic districts
and sites; urban transportation planning; regional economic planning; trade promotion;
geographic systems design and data analysis; transport network design and the processing
of archival, survey, and cartographic information. In business, geographers work in
marketing, locational analysis, resource development, and in consulting firms engaged in
project evaluation and land use planning.
Students studying Geography may take either a B.A. or B.Sc.,
depending upon the aspects they wish to emphasize. The Department offers several
Specialist, Major and Minor Programs in Geography, cooperates in offering a combined
program with Economics, shares with Botany and Zoology a program in Biogeography, and
contributes courses to various departmental and college programs including American
Studies; Anthropology; Archaeology; Canadian Studies and Peace and Conflict Studies;
Equity Studies; Division of the Environment; Environmental Geosciences; Environmental
Studies; and Urban Studies; Ethics, Society and Law and International Relations; and
European Studies. The Professional Experience Year program ("PEY": see also Page
22) is available to full-time Geography Majors or Specialists at the end of their second
or third year of a four-year program, or their second year of a three-year program. A
minimum CGPA of 2.0 and a minimum 70% average in Geography courses is required. The
program provides students with the opportunity to gain 12-16 months of employment
experience.
Course outlines are available throughout the year in the
departmental office, Sidney Smith Hall, Room 5047 and on the departmental website.
Counselling and advice may be obtained from the Undergraduate Coordinator, the Student
Counsellor and from the Undergraduate Geography Society (T.U.G.S.), Sidney Smith Hall,
Room 613.
Undergraduate Coordinator:
Professor A.M. Davis, Sidney Smith Hall, Room 5044
(416-978-5992)
Student Counsellor: H. Ali, Sidney Smith Hall, Room
5050 (416-978-6455)
General Enquiries:416-978-3375
GEOGRAPHY PROGRAMS
Enrolment in Minor, Major and Specialist programs sponsored
by the Department of Geography requires the completion of four courses, including one of GGR 100Y, 107Y, 124Y, JGF 150Y or JGG 150Y. No minimum GPA required. Double majors in
Geography must complete at least 13 different GGR/JFG/JGF/JGG/JGI credits. Students
combining any of our Minor programs with a Specialist/Major program would normally be
allowed to count only 1.5 credits (of the 4.0 courses in the Minor program) towards both
programs.
BIOGEOGRAPHY (B.Sc.)
Consult Department of Geography.
Specialist program (Hon.B.Sc.):
(13 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)
First Year:
1. BIO 150Y; GGR 100Y/JGF 150Y/JGG 150Y; CHM
(132H, 133H)/137Y/(138H,139H)/151Y/CSC (108H, 148H)
2. At least one of: JMB 170Y/MAT 135Y/137Y/PHY 110Y/138Y/140Y
Higher Years:
1. BOT 251Y/ZOO 252Y;
GGR 270Y/STA 220H, (221H/JBS 229H)
2. Two of: GGR 201H, 203H,
205H, 206H
3. ENV 234Y/two of BIO
319H, 321H, 323H,
324H, 328H
4. One full course equivalent from: BOT 300H, 307H, 310H; ZOO 265Y, 304H, 309Y, 361H, 373H, 384H, 387H, 389H
5. GGR 305H, 310H
6. Two full course equivalents from BIO/BOT/ZOO at the 300+ level
7. One full course equivalent from GGR at the 300+ level
NOTE: Of the 3.0 courses from BIO/BOT/ZOO and GGR, 1.0 must be at the 400-level
ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (B.A.)
Consult Department of Geography.
Specialist program (Hon.B.A.):
(10 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)
First Year:
One course from Group A (GGR 107Y recommended)
Higher Years:
1. GGR 233Y, 270Y, 272H, GGR 391H, 393H
2. GGR 491Y/two of GGR
409H, 415H, 418H,
435H, 450H, 492H, 498H, 499H
3. One additional half course from Group B
4. 4.0 courses from: GGR 220Y, 239H, 256H, 305H, 307H, 310H, 314H, 327H, 331H, 332H, 333H, 334H, 335H, 338H, 340H, 342H, 343H, 344H, 347H, 348H, 390H, 409H, 415H, 418H, 435H, 439H, 450H, 456H; INI 440Y; JFG 328H, 470H, 475H. Of the 4.0 courses, additional options include: up
to 1.5 courses from Group C; up to 1.0 courses from Group B; a second course from Group A.
Major program (B.A.):
(7 full courses or their equivalent)
First Year:
One course from Group A (GGR 107Y recommended)
Higher Years:
1. GGR 233Y
2. One course from Group B
3. 4.0 courses from last option list in Specialist program above
GEOGRAPHY (B.A.)
Specialist program (Hon.B.A.):
(10 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)
First Year:
One course from Group A
Higher Years:
1. GGR 270Y, 272H, GGR 391H/392H
2. GGR 491Y/two of GGR
409H, 413H, 415H,
418H, 421H, 431H, 439H, 446H, 450H, 452H, 455H, 459H, 492H, 498H, 499H
3. One additional half course from Group B
4. 5.5 GGR courses with no more than one additional course from Group A
Major program (B.A.):
(7 full courses or their equivalent)
NOTE: The general Geography major program is excluded from the arrangement whereby
students in a four-year degree may take two major
programs sponsored by the Department of Geography.
First Year:
One course from Group A
Higher Years:
1. One course from Group B
2. 5.0 GGR courses of which at least 3.0 must be at the 300-400 level, and with no more
than one additional course from Group A
Minor program (B.A.):
(4 full courses or their equivalent)
1. One course only from Group A
2. Three other higher level GGR courses, including at least one 300/400-series course
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS - See DIVISION of the
ENVIRONMENT
GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMICS - See ECONOMICS
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY (B.A.)
Consult Department of Geography.
Specialist program (Hon.B.A.):
(10 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)
First Year:
One course from Group A (GGR 107Y recommended)
Higher Years:
1. GGR 240Y, 270Y, 272H, GGR 392H
2. GGR 491Y/two of GGR
421H, 439H, 446H,
492H, 499H
3. One additional half course from Group B
4. 4.5 courses from: GGR 216H, 239H, 246H, 249H, 254H, 336H, 340H, 342H, 343H, 344H, 347H, 348H, 361H, 364H, 366H, 368H, 421H, 439H, 446H. Of the 4.5
courses, additional options include up to 1.0 courses from Group B and a second course
from Group A.
Major program (B.A.):
(7 full courses or their equivalent)
First Year:
One course from Group A (GGR 107Y recommended)
Higher Years:
1. GGR 240Y
2. One full course or equivalent from Group B
3. 4.0 courses from last option list in Specialist program above
PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY (B.Sc.)
Consult Department of Geography.
Specialist program (Hon.B.Sc.):
(12.5 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)
First Year:
1. One course from Group A (GGR 100Y/JGF 150Y/JGG 150Y
strongly recommended)
2. MAT 135Y/137Y, PHY 110Y/138Y/140Y
3. One course from: BIO 150Y; CHM 137Y/(138H, 139H)/151Y
Higher Years:
4. Three of: GGR 201H, 203H,
205H, 206H
5. GGR 270Y, 272H, GGR 390H, 391H
6. GGR 491Y/two of GGR
409H, 413H, 498H
7. One additional half-course from Group B
8. 3.0 courses from: GGR 201H, 203H, 205H, 206H, 302H, 305H, 307H, 310H, 312H, 314H, 333H, 337H, 401H, 402H, 409H, 413H, 490H; JGG 404H. Of the 3.0 courses, additional options include
up to 1.0 courses from Group B.
Major program (B.Sc.):
(7.5 full courses or their equivalent)
First Year:
1. One course from Group A (GGR 100Y/JGF 150Y/JGG 150Y
strongly recommended)
2. One course from: BIO 150Y; CHM 137Y/(138H, 139H)/151Y; MAT 135Y/137Y; PHY 110Y/138Y/140Y
Higher Years:
1. Three of: GGR 201H, 203H,
205H, 206H
2. GGR 390H
3. One additional course from Group B
4. 2.5 courses from last option list in Specialist program above
PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY (B.Sc.) Minor
Program
- See Division of the Environment
URBAN, ECONOMIC and SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY (B.A.)
Consult Department of Geography.
Specialist program (Hon.B.A.):
(10 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)
First Year:
One course from Group A (GGR 124Y recommended)
Higher Years:
1. GGR 220Y, 270Y, 272H, GGR 391H
2. GGR 491Y/two of 431H, 439H, 450H, 452H, 455H, 459H,
492H, 499H, JFG 470H
3. One additional half-course from Group B
4. 4.5 courses from: GGR 216H, 233Y, 239H, 249H, 252H, 256H, 323H, 324H, 326H, 333H, 336H, 339H, 340H, 342H, 343H, 344H, 347H, 348H, 357H, 361H, 366H, 368H, 431H, 436H, 439H, 450H, 452H, 455H, 456H, 459H; JFG 470H, 475H; JGI 346H. Of the
4.5 courses, additional options include up to 1.0 courses from Group B and a second course
from Group A.
Major program (B.A.):
(7 full courses or their equivalent)
First Year:
One course from Group A (GGR 124Y recommended)
Higher Years:
1. GGR 220Y
2. One course from Group B
3. 4.0 courses from last option list in Specialist program above
Group A: GGR 100Y, 101Y, 107Y, 110Y, 124Y; JGF 150Y/JGG 150Y
Group B: GGR 270Y, 272H, 273H, 327H, 337H, 371H, 373H, 390H, 391H, 392H, 393H, 462H, 464H, 473H, 480Y, 490H; JFG 470H, 475H
Group C: ENV 236Y; GGR 201H, 203H, 205H, 206H, 302H, 305H, 307H, 310H, 314H, 401H, 402H, 409H, 413H, 490H
Note: A different Statistics course (e.g. STA 220H+221H)
can be substituted for GGR 270Y, but another GGR course
must be taken as a replacement. Similarly, CSC 104H/108H may be substituted for Group B courses, but
replacement GGR must be taken.
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