Faculty of Arts & Science 2016-2017 Calendar

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

• Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Major
• Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Specialist | Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Major
• Environmental Biology Major | Environmental Biology Minor
• Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Courses

Faculty

Ecologists and evolutionary biologists recognize that all life has evolved and that an understanding of the factors influencing the origin and maintenance of biological diversity − from genomes to ecosystems − underlies all life sciences and is critical to our stewardship of life on this planet. Society needs to make informed decisions about sustainable development, global climate change, control of invasive species, the preservation of genetic diversity and ecosystem integrity, and the control of emerging infectious diseases. These are all evolutionary and ecological problems.

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology is a broad discipline that seeks to understand the origins, diversity, and distribution of organisms. The Department offers a very wide range of courses that deal with biological diversity, conservation biology, molecular evolution, population and quantitative genetics, genomics, animal behaviour, population, community, and ecosystem ecology, evolutionary and ecological theory, environmental biology, and systematics. Students exposed to these subjects come to realize that the ecological and evolutionary underpinnings of life present a host of scientific problems that are both intellectually challenging and critical to our future.

The Department offers six programs: a Specialist program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Major programs in Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and Environmental Biology; and two Minor programs in Environmental Biology. The Department also jointly offers programs with other departments: Specialist, Major, and Minor programs in Biology (with Cell & Systems Biology), and a Major program in Genome Biology (with Cell & Systems Biology and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology).

The EEB Specialist program (12 FCEs) provides an in-depth understanding of ecological and evolutionary patterns and processes, as well as the diversity of life forms (microbes, fungi, plants, animals). Concepts are taught using a broad array of approaches, including molecular studies, laboratory experiments, computer and mathematical modeling, and field studies. An integral part of the experience is to conduct independent research projects in the laboratory and/or field. There is a strong emphasis within the program on hands-on laboratory and fieldwork that complement the conceptual framework developed in lectures. Students in this program have the opportunity to concentrate in ecology, evolutionary biology, or behaviour. The EEB Major program (8 FCEs) provides a comprehensive understanding of ecology and evolution, also with concepts taught using a broad array of approaches – including opportunities to conduct independent research projects – and with an emphasis on hands-on laboratory and field work.

Today, in an era of unprecedented global change, natural ecosystems are under attack and thousands of species are threatened with extinction and many more have experienced unprecedented declines. Students in the Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Major program (8 FCEs) will be equipped to aid in the response to what is perhaps humanity’s most pressing challenge, the conservation of biological diversity. Students in this program take courses in their first and second years that provide foundations in ecology, evolutionary biology, biodiversity and conservation biology, environmental biology, mathematics, and statistics. In their upper years students will obtain in-depth knowledge about the diversity of living organisms and take advanced courses in ecology, evolution, and biodiversity and conservation biology, including a capstone course at the 400-level.

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary field that integrates biological, chemical, and physical sciences to study human interactions with their environment. The Environmental Biology Major (8 FCEs) provides a broad background in biology that is essential to understand the impact of humans on other organisms and their environments. It provides students with an understanding of ecology, the diversity and function of living organisms, the physical and chemical environment, and the ways organisms interact with, and affect, ecosystem processes. Students are exposed to ecosystem management, issues related to environmental change, and the consequences of interactions between humans and the environment.

The Environmental Biology Minor program (4 FCEs) offer students an introduction to ecology, evolution, environmental biology, and organismal diversity. The Biology Minor (joint with NUS) program is offered jointly with the National University of Singapore): students complete 2.0 FCEs at the University of Toronto and 2.0 FCEs on exchange in Singapore. LSM courses at the National University of Singapore are also available to students in EEB programs.

Students entering their first year in the life sciences take BIO120H1 (offered by EEB) and BIO130H1 (offered by CSB). These courses are taken by students who have successfully completed Grade 12 Biology, SBI4U (or an equivalent course). BIO130H1 also requires Grade 12 Chemistry, SCH4U. One or both of these half courses are a prerequisite for almost all further courses in the life sciences. Students requiring more information about BIO120H1 please contact the BIO120 Office, Earth Sciences Centre (25 Willcocks St.), Room 3045A, bio120@utoronto.ca

Students requiring more information about Ecology & Evolutionary Biology programs and courses please visit the departmental website or contact the Undergraduate Office, Earth Sciences Centre (25 Willcocks St.), Room 3055B, undergrad.eeb@utoronto.ca, 416-978-2084.

Website: http://www.eeb.utoronto.ca/Learning.htm

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Programs

(8 full courses or their equivalent including at least 2.0 FCEs at 300+ series with at least 0.5 FCE at the 400 level series)

First Year (1.5 FCEs): BIO120H1; (MAT135H1, MAT136H1)/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1/JMB170Y1

Higher Years:

1. 2.0 FCEs: BIO220H1 (ecology and evolutionary biology); EEB225H1/STA220H1 (statistics); EEB255H1 (conservation biology); ENV234H1 (environmental biology; cannot be substituted with EEB375H1)

2. 1.5 FCEs in organismal biology (with at least 0.5 FCE from Group 1 and 0.5 FCE from Group 2) from:
Group 1 (plant or microbial): BIO251H1; EEB268H1, EEB330H1, EEB331H1, EEB340H1, EEB445H1
Group 2 (animal): EEB263H1, EEB266H1, EEB267H1, EEB380H1, EEB382H1, EEB384H1, EEB386H1, EEB388H1

3. 0.5 FCE in core evolution: EEB318H1, EEB323H1, EEB362H1

4. 0.5 FCE in core ecology from: EEB319H1, EEB321H1, EEB328H1

5. 0.5 FCE: EEB365H1 (applied conservation biology)

6. 1.0 FCE from: BIO130H1, BIO251H1; EEB263H1, EEB266H1, EEB267H1, EEB268H1, EEB318H1, EEB319H1, EEB321H1, EEB322H1, EEB323H1, EEB324H1, EEB325H1, EEB328H1, EEB330H1, EEB331H1, EEB340H1, EEB356H1, EEB362H1, EEB380H1, EEB382H1, EEB384H1, EEB386H1, EEB388H1, EEB390H1, EEB397Y1, EEB398H0, EEB399Y0, EEB428H1, EEB430H1, EEB433H1, EEB440H1, EEB445H1, EEB455H1, EEB459H1, EEB497H1, EEB498Y1, EEB499Y1; EHJ352H1; ENV334H1, ENV432H1; FOR307H1, FOR413H1; JHE353H1, JHE355H1; NUS

7. 0.5 FCE at 400 series from: EEB465H1, EEB466H1; field course, EEB403H1/0, EEB405H1/0, EEB406H1/0, EEB407H1/0, EEB410H1/0; seminar, EEB495H1; research project (in biodiversity and/or conservation biology), EEB497H1,EEB498Y1/EEB499Y1

NOTE: BIO260H1/HMB265H1 (genetics) is recommended. Note that both BIO260H1 and HMB265H1 require BIO130H1 and BIO230H1; BIO230H1 requires both CHM135H1 (formerly CHM139H1) and CHM136H1 (formerly CHM138H1).

Students interested in law, economics, policy, or environmental studies may choose to pair their Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Major with another Major, such as Economics, Environmental Ethics, or Environmental Studies (all three are Arts program), or Science programs (e.g., Environment programs).

(12 full courses or their equivalent including at least 4.0 FCEs at the 300+ series level, 1.0 of which must be at the 400 series level)

First Year (3.0 FCEs): BIO120H1; BIO130H1; (CHM135H1 (formerly CHM139H1), CHM136H1 (formerly CHM138H1))/CHM151Y1; (MAT135H1, MAT136H1)/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1/MAT157Y1

1. 2.0 FCEs: BIO220H1 (ecology and evolutionary biology); BIO230H1 (molecular and cell biology); BIO260H1/HMB265H1 (genetics); BIO251H1/BIO270H1/PSL300H1/ENV234H1 (plant or animal form and function/environmental biology; ENV234H1 (cannot be substituted with EEB375H1 for this requirement)

2. 0.5 FCE in statistics from: EEB225H1 (recommended); PSY201H1; STA220H1/STA257H1; GGR270H1

3. 0.5 FCE in core evolution from: EEB318H1, EEB323H1, EEB362H1

4. 0.5 FCE in core ecology from: EEB319H1, EEB321H1 (both are recommended), EEB328H1

5. 0.5 FCE in organismal biology from: EEB263H1, EEB266H1, EEB267H1, EEB268H1, EEB330H1, EEB331H1, EEB340H1, EEB356H1, EEB380H1, EEB382H1, EEB384H1, EEB386H1, EEB388H1

6. 1.0 FCE at 300+ series, from: EEB318H1, EEB319H1, EEB321H1, EEB322H1, EEB323H1, EEB324H1, EEB325H1, EEB328H1, EEB330H1, EEB331H1, EEB340H1, EEB356H1, EEB362H1, EEB365H1, EEB380H1, EEB382H1, EEB384H1, EEB386H1, EEB388H1, EEB390H1, EEB398H0, EEB399Y0, EEB428H1, EEB430H1, EEB433H1, EEB440H1, EEB445H1, EEB455H1, EEB459H1, EEB460H1, EEB465H1, EEB466H1, EEB492H1/EEB492Y1, EEB495H1, EEB496H1; EHJ352H1; ENV334H1, ENV432H1; ENV395Y1; NUS

Sub-total = 8.0 FCEs

7. 1.0 to 2.5 FCEs in at least two of the three following categories: (1) one field course (0.5 FCE) from EEB403H1/0, EEB405H1/0, EEB406H1/0, EEB407H1/0, EEB410H1/0; (2) one seminar (0.5 FCE) from EEB495H1, EEB496H1; and/or (3) one independent research project course (1.0 FCE) from EEB498Y1/EEB499Y1 and concurrent research issues course EEB488H1 (0.5 FCE).

Sub-total = 9.0 or 10.5 FCEs (depending on options chosen in #7)

8. Select the remaining FCEs for a total of 12.0 FCEs (at least 1.0 must be 300+ series if 1.0 FCE is completed in #7 above) from: BIO251H1, BIO270H1/PSL300H1, BIO271H1/PSL301H1; all EEB courses (excluding EEB202H1, EEB204H1, EEB206H1, EEB214H1, EEB215H1); EHJ352H1; ENV234H1, ENV334H1, ENV432H1; JHE353H1, JHE355H1; and no more than 1.0 FCE from the following (note that some courses may require prerequisites that are not listed within this program): ANT336H1, ANT333Y1, ANT335Y1, ANT430H1, ANT436H1; CSB328H1, CSB340H1, CSB349H1, CSB350H1, CSB352H1, CSB353H1, CSB430H1, CSB431H1, CSB452H1, CSB458H1, CSB472H1, CSB474H1; ENV315H1, ENV346H1; FOR200H1, FOR307H1, FOR413H1, FOR416H1, FOR417H1; GGR201H1, GGR203H1, GGR205H1, GGR206H1, GGR305H1, GGR307H1, GGR308H1, GGR403H1, GGR409H1; GLG202H1, GLG351H1, GLG436H1; JGE347H1, JGE348H1; MAT221H1; MGY340H1; NUS; PSY100H1, PSY260H1, PSY270H1, PSY280H1, PSY290H1, PSY390H1, PSY397H1, PSY492H1, PSY497H1 (note that many PSY courses have limited enrolment)

Total = 12 FCEs

NOTE: Students may wish to concentrate in ecology, evolutionary biology, or behaviour. Recommended EEB, EHJ and JHE courses for these concentrations are as follows:

Ecology: EEB255H1, EEB319H1, EEB321H1, EEB328H1, EEB365H1, EEB428H1, EEB430H1, EEB433H1, EEB440H1, EEB465H1, EEB495H1; ENV432H1
Evolutionary Biology: EEB323H1, EEB324H1, EEB325H1, EEB362H1, EEB390H1, EEB440H1, EEB459H1, EEB460H1, EEB466H1; EHJ352H1; JHE353H1, JHE355H1
Behaviour: EEB322H1, EEB455H1, EEB496H1

(8 full courses or their equivalent including at least 2.0 FCEs at 300+ series with at least 0.5 FCE at the 400 series level)

First Year (2.0 FCEs): BIO120H1; BIO130H1; (CHM135H1 (formerly CHM139H1), CHM136H1(formerly CHM138H1))/CHM151Y1

Higher Years:

1. 2.0 FCEs: BIO220H1; BIO230H1; BIO260H1/HMB265H1; EEB225H1/STA220H1/STA257H1/GGR270H1

2. 1.0 FCE from: BIO251H1, BIO270H1/PSL300H1, BIO271H1/PSL301H1, EEB263H1, EEB266H1, EEB267H1, EEB268H1, ENV234H1

3. 2.0 FCEs from: EEB318H1, EEB319H1, EEB321H1, EEB322H1, EEB323H1, EEB324H1, EEB325H1, EEB328H1, EEB362H1, EEB365H1, EEB375H1, EEB380H1,EEB382H1, EEB384H1, EEB386H1, EEB388H1, EEB390H1, EEB397Y1, EEB398H0, EEB399Y0, EEB428H1, EEB430H1, EEB433H1, EEB440H1, EEB455H1, EEB459H1, EEB460H1, EEB465H1, EEB466H1 ; EHJ352H1; ENV432H1; NUS

4. 0.5 FCE from: BIO251H1; BIO270H1/PSL300H1; BIO271H1/PSL301H1; EEB (excluding EEB202H1, EEB204H1, EEB206H1, EEB214H1, EEB215H1); ENV234H1, ENV334H1, ENV432H1; EHJ352H1; JHE353H1, JHE355H1; JMB170Y1/MAT135H1/MAT136H1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1/MAT157Y; MGY340H1; NUS

5. 0.5 FCE at the 400-series from: field course, EEB403H1/0, EEB405H1/0, EEB406H1/0, EEB407H1/0, EEB410H1/0; seminar EEB495H1, EEB496H1; independent research project course, EEB497H1, EEB498Y1/EEB499Y1 (concurrent with research issues course EEB488H1); advanced lecture/discussion course, EEB428H1, EEB430H1, EEB433H1, EEB440H1, EEB455H1, EEB459H1, EEB460H1, EEB465H1, EEB466H1; ENV432H1

(8 full courses or their equivalent including at least 2.0 FCEs at 300+ series with at least 0.5 FCE at the 400 level series)

First Year (3.0 FCEs): BIO120H1; (CHM135H1 (formerly CHM139H1), CHM136H1 (formerly CHM138H1))/CHM151Y1; (MAT135H1, MAT136H1)/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1; PHY131H1/PHY151H1 or BIO130H1

1. 2.0 FCEs: BIO220H1 (ecology and evolutionary biology); ENV234H1 (cannot be substituted with EEB375H1 for this requirement), ENV334H1 (environmental biology); EEB225H1/STA220H1/GGR270H1 (statistics)

2. 0.5 FCE in biological diversity and function from: BIO251H1, BIO270H1; EEB266H1, EEB267H1, EEB268H1, EEB340H1; BIO260H1/HMB265H1 (note that both require BIO130H1 and BIO230H1)

3. 0.5 FCE in physical environment from: CHM210H1; ESS211H1, ESS261H1, ESS262H1; GGR201H1, GGR203H1, GGR205H1, GGR206H1; GLG202H1; PHY131H1, PHY132H1, PHY151H1, PHY152H1, PHY235H1 (requires MAT135H1/MAT137Y1/MAT157Y1 and PHY131H1/PHY151H1)

4. 0.5 in core ecology from: EEB319H1, EEB321H1, EEB328H1

5. 1.0 FCE from: EEB319H1, EEB321H1, EEB323H1, EEB325H1, EEB328H1, EEB365H1, EEB375H1, EEB386H1, EEB430H1, EEB433H1; ENV432H1; ESS361H1, ESS362H1; FOR305H1, FOR307H1; GGR305H1, GGR307H1, GGR308H1; GLG351H1/ESS311H1; ENV316H1

6. 0.5 FCE at the 400-series from: field course, EEB403H1/0, EEB405H1/0, EEB406H1/0, EEB407H1/0, EEB410H1/0/FOR418H1/GGR490H1/GLG445H1, GLG448H1; seminar/lecture course, EEB428H1, EEB433H1, EEB495H1, ENV432H1; ESS463H1, ESS464H1: JFG470H1; GGR403H1/ESS462H1, GGR409H1/ESS463H1, GLG436H1; independent research project, EEB497H1, EEB498Y1, EEB499Y1.

This program can be combined with other Environmental programs (see School of the Environment), as well as Science (e.g., Chemistry, Geology) and Social Science (e.g., Economics) programs.

Consult Undergraduate Office in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.

(4 full courses or their equivalent; must include at least one full-course equivalent at the 300+ series)

1. 1.5 FCEs: BIO120H1; BIO220H1; ENV234H1 (cannot be substituted with EEB375H1)

2. 0.5 FCE in organismal biology: EEB266H1, EEB267H1, EEB268H1

3. 2.0 FCEs (at least 1.0 FCE at 300+ series) from: BIO251H1, EEB255H1, EEB263H1, EEB266H1, EEB267H1, EEB268H1, EEB318H1, EEB319H1, EEB321H1, EEB328H1, EEB362H1, EEB365H1, EEB380H1, EEB382H1, EEB384H1, EEB386H1, EEB388H1, EEB433H1; ENV334H1 (recommended); ENV432H1; NUS; no more than one field course from EEB403H1/0, EEB405H1/0, EEB406H1/0, EEB407H1/0, EEB410H1/0

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Courses

Some courses in this department have a mandatory Lab Materials Fee to cover non-reusable materials.  The fee for each such course is given below in the course description, and will be included on the student’s invoice on ACORN.

The 199Y1 and 199H1 seminars are designed to provide the opportunity to work closely with an instructor in a class of no more than twenty-four students. These interactive seminars are intended to stimulate the students’ curiosity and provide an opportunity to get to know a member of the professorial staff in a seminar environment during the first year of study. Details can be found at www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/course/fyh-1/.

Principles and concepts of evolution and ecology related to origins of adaptation and biodiversity. Mechanisms and processes driving biological diversification illustrated from various perspectives using empirical and theoretical approaches. Topics include: genetic diversity, natural selection, speciation, physiological, population, and community ecology, maintenance of species diversity, conservation, species extinction, global environmental change, and invasion biology. A lab coat is required and the cost is approximately $16 if students wish to purchase it through the Department. (Lab Materials Fee: $25)

Dynamics of genetic and ecological change in biological systems, from genomes to ecosystems. Evolutionary genetic and ecological perspectives on wide-ranging topics including disease, aging, sexual conflict, genetics of human differences, conservation, and global climate change. Applications of evolutionary, ecological, and molecular-genetic principles and processes. Responsibilities of human societies in a changing world. (Lab Materials Fee: $25).

Introduction to structure, function, and ecology of vegetative and reproductive processes in plants with a focus on flowering plants and gymnosperms. Lectures and labs emphasize photosynthesis, respiration, mineral nutrition, transport processes, patterns of plant growth and development, the role of hormones in development, photomorphogenesis, and plant reproduction. (Lab Materials Fee: $25).

The importance of plants to society. Topics include: plant biology, domestication of crop plants, plant breeding and genetic engineering, biological invasions, conservation, biodiversity and genetic resources, ecological implications of advances in modern plant science, macroevolution of plants, forest utilization. For non-science students in all years and disciplines.

Introduction to the diversity of living organisms, including microorganisms, fungi, plants, and animals, with an emphasis on evolution, ecology, and conservation. For non-science students in all years and disciplines.

All organisms display some behaviours. This course explores what is behavour and how it is quantified and studied. Topics may include: mate choice, agression and resolution, parent-offspring conflict, manipulating behaviour, and the origins of empathy and self-awareness. For non-science students in all years and disciplines. (Not offered in 2016-17)

Exclusion: BIO120H1/BIO150Y1; PSY210H1/220H1/230H1/240H1/260H1/270H1/280H1/290H1
Distribution Requirement Status: Science
Breadth Requirement: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

EEB208H1    Ecosystems and the Human Footprint[24L/12T]

An introduction to the diversity of Earth’s aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., coral reefs, lakes, tropical rainforests); the history of industrialization and human population growth; how the human footprint impacts ecosystems (e.g., ecosystem function, biological diversity); and strategies to maintain, recover and restore ecosystems. This is a course for non-science students in all years and disciplines.

Exclusion: BIO120H1/BIO150Y1/ENV200H1
Distribution Requirement Status: Science
Breadth Requirement: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

EEB214H1    Evolution and Adaptation[24L/12T]

Evolution and adaptation of life on Earth. Introduction to the theory of evolution by natural selection. Topics may include: evidence supporting the fact of evolution, and how evolutionary theory can help explain the world around us, such as how species are formed, and the evolution of sex, infanticide, and disease.  For non-science students in all years and disciplines.

Introduction to the scientific discipline that deals with threatened species and habitats. Topics include: biodiversity, extinction, threats, demography, genetic diversity, protecting, managing and restoring ecosystems (e.g., nature reserves, captive breeding, conservation corridors), sustainable development, and global warming. Ties between the study of conservation biology and environmental law, economics, and policy will also be covered. For non-science students in all years and disciplines.

A statistics course designed especially for life science students, using examples from ecology and evolution where appropriate. Students learn to choose and use statistics that are appropriate to address relevant biological questions and hypotheses. Lectures and computer labs will be used to cover the following methods: sampling and experimental design, data exploration, correlation, regression, ANOVA, Chi-square, and non-parametric tests.

This multidisciplinary course draws on elements from geology, soil science, and ecology to understand past and present environments and human impacts on landscapes and ecosystems. Emphasis on the structure, functioning and connectivity of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Field trips and labs. Mandatory day-long field trip on a Friday or Saturday (students choose which day; a fee of approximately $15 may be charged for field trip transportation.) (Lab Materials Fee: $25)

“Classical” and “new” concepts in biodiversity and conservation. Topics may include: evolution and ecology in the past (Holocene) and future (Anthropocene); levels and kinds of biodiversity; valuing biodiversity through ecological economics; causes of endangerment; predicting extinction; genetic and demographic theory; habitat protection and captive breeding; conservation policies and endangered species acts; designing future biodiversity.

The ontogeny and phylogeny of vertebrate structure are considered within the context of evolutionary theory. Functional aspects of the various organ systems are examined. Representative vertebrates are analyzed (with brief dissection of some forms) in laboratory to illustrate selected anatomical features and to provide practical exposure to vertebrate construction. (Lab Materials Fee: $25)

The diversity of invertebrates (e.g. sponges, jellyfish, flatworms, molluscs, segmented worms, round worms, arthropods, echinoderms and several smaller phyla) is explored, focusing on taxonomic characters that define each group and their placement in the evolutionary tree of life, ecological function, biological requirements, and geographical distribution. Labs emphasize identification and recognition of major groups, including dissection when appropriate. (Lab Materials Fee: $25)

Introduction to the diversity of chordate animals (vertebrates, tunicates, and lancelets), focusing on morphological, physiological, ecological and behavioural traits that make each group special and how those traits increase vulnerability to human-based exploitation. Labs involve living organisms whenever possible, but only for display purposes.

Introduction to the biology of algae, fungi, and land plants. Lectures and labs emphasize the diversity of organisms with a focus on life cycles, ecology, and evolution. (Lab Materials Fee: $25)

Credit course for supervised participation in faculty research project. Details at http://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/course/rop. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Principles and practice of evolutionary biology since Darwin. Topics may include: phylogeny, speciation, mutation and neutral evolution, population genetic variation, quantitative genetics, molecular evolution, natural selection and adaptation, evolutionary conflict and cooperation, and levels of selection.

Abundance and distribution of populations; population growth and regulation; fluctuations, stochasticity and chaos; meta-population persistence and extinction; age and stage-structured populations; interactions within and between species; optimal harvesting; spread of infectious diseases. Labs include experiments and computer simulations. (Lab materials fee: $25 - will not be charged in 2016-17)

Nature and analysis of community structure; disturbance and community development; species interactions; community assembly processes. There may be a field trip held on a Saturday or a Sunday. A fee of approximately $30 may be charged for field trip transportation. Computer exercises in weekly labs provide training in sampling, simulation, and data analysis.

A broad introduction to animal behaviour emphasizing concepts from ethology and behavioural ecology, including foraging, predation, mating systems, parental care and behaviour genetics. Field and laboratory studies are undertaken. (Lab Materials Fee: $25; Lab Manual Fee: $10)

Evolutionary biology rests on a foundation of evolutionary genetics. This course focuses on the core ideas in population genetics and extends to evolutionary genomics. Students are exposed to the mathematical theory underlying evolutionary genetics and will learn the mathematical foundations underlying these ideas. Topics include the population genetics of mutation, migration, drift, and selection, analysis of sequence variation, and the evolution of sexual reproduction.

Empirical and theoretical approaches to key areas of research including natural selection, sexual selection, and life histories. Other topics may include phenotypic plasticity, speciation, co-evolution, and quantitative genetics.

How evolutionary principles can help us better understand health and disease. Concepts from evolutionary biology (e.g., life history theory, coevolution, genomic conflict, constraints and trade-offs) will be applied to key problems in medicine and public health, including antibiotic resistance, aging, cancer, autoimmune disease, and pathogen virulence. 

An advanced treatment of the physiological mechanisms controlling plant and animal distribution and ecological success. Topics of focus include photosynthesis and resource balance, water and nutrient relations, temperature effects, and adaptations to abiotic stress. A fee of approximately $15 may be charged for field trip transportation.

The theoretical foundations of taxonomy and the types of evidence used in constructing plant classifications. Labs emphasize taxonomic characters and their uses. Includes an independent taxonomic project. (Lab Materials Fee: $25)

Topics include fungal systematics, morphology, physiology, and ecology. The roles of fungi in the environment and their importance to man. A weekend field trip explores the natural occurrence of fungi. Labs introduce the techniques used for morphological and molecular identification, and for isolation in pure culture. Students use fungal cultures to conduct an independent experimental research project. (Lab Materials Fee: $25). (Not offered in 2016/17; next offered in Fall 2017)

Applied issues in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Topics include: ecology of agro-ecosystems and other human-managed ecosystems, bio-indicators of anthropogenic impacts, ecosystem restoration, and adaptive management. Field trips and laboratory exercises. A fee of approximately $15 may be charged for field trip transportation. Group projects address local management/restoration issues. (Lab Materials Fee: $25)

The origin of land plants and the subsequent diversification of land plant vegetative and reproductive form and function. Discussions synthesize morphological and anatomical knowledge from living organisms and fossil records with cellular, physiological, and molecular information on the developmental "tool kit" of land plants and their ancestors throughout geological time. Topics address the evolution of vegetative and reproductive meristems; stem, leaf, and root architecture; vascular tissue; the ovule habit; fertilization processes; and pollination biology. (Lab Materials Fee: $25; Lab Manual Fee: $25)

Human genome diversity and evolution with a focus on current research. The course integrates applications of human evolutionary genomics to the understanding of human history and adaptation, the causes of disease, and genome structure and function. Topics include: comparative genomics, population genomics of adaptation, association mapping, repetitive/selfish DNA, and gene duplication.

An examination of major ideas about biological evolution from the 18th century to the 1930s and of their impact on scientific and social thought. Topics include the diversity of life and its classification, the adaptation of organisms to their environment, Wallace’s and Darwin’s views on evolution by natural selection, sexual selection, inheritance from Mendel to T.H. Morgan, eugenics, and the implications of evolution for religion, gender roles, and the organization of society. Offered by the Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology.

An examination of the place of the organism in evolutionary theory from the early 1900s to the present. Biology is the science of living things, and yet, paradoxically, living things--organisms--have been comprehensively left out of the Modern Synthesis theory of evolution that developed in the twentieth century. This course surveys the reasons--historical, philosophical and empirical--for the marginalisation of organisms from evolutionary theory. It examines the ways in which evolutionary developmental biology attempts to restore the organisms to a central place in evolutionary biology. Offered by faculty in the Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology.

Explores patterns of large-scale evolutionary change, played out over large geographic expanses and extended periods of time. Integrates patterns with field and experimental studies to clarify evolutionary processes. Topics include: origins of species and their adaptations, historical biogeography, co-evolution, community evolution, radiations and extinctions, fossils and macroevolutionary patterns, and the role of evolutionary information in conservation and biodiversity initiatives. Tutorials emphasize methods used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and the sequence of character evolution.

Applied conservation biology including management (at the level of species/populations, environments/landscapes, and ecosystems) and how to conserve and maintain biodiversity and ecosystem function (including species and ecosystem distribution modelling).

Ecological interactions between organisms and their environment. Past and present changes in Earth’s environment and the human responses to those changes. Topics may include: Pleistocene glaciations, origins of agriculture, species extinctions, disease ecology, deforestation, water pollution, pesticides, and estrogenic compounds. (Note: EEB375H1 cannot substitute ENV234H1 to statisfy a program requirement.)

Evolutionary history, morphology, physiology, development, behaviour, and ecological significance of insects. Labs focus on identification of major groups of insects found in Ontario and each student makes an insect collection. Insects are collected during field trips during class time and also on Saturday field trips early in the term. A fee of approximately $15 may be charged for field trip transportation.

Systematics, morphology, ecology, behaviour, biogeography, and conservation of fishes. Identification of major groups of fish; what makes each group biologically special and how those unique traits might contribute to conservation concerns. Labs focus on exercises designed to highlight how ichthyologists actually do research. (Lab materials fee: $25)

Lectures and laboratories examine the natural history, morphology, behaviour, ecology, evolutionary relationships, and biogeography of amphibians (frogs and toads, salamanders, caecilians) and non-avian reptiles (turtles, the tuatara, lizards, snakes, and crocodilians).

Avian ecology, behaviour, conservation, and functional morphology and evolution of avian flight. Labs focus on avian anatomy and song analysis, and an outdoor activity introduces students to basic avian identification and compiling a field journal.

Diversity and biology of living mammals, including distinguishing characteristics and adaptations, classification, evolutionary relationships, biogeography, natural history, reproduction, behaviour, ecology, and conservation. Labs focus on the identification of mammals and their diverse morphological adaptations including the mammals of Ontario.

The evolutionary history of vertebrates is recorded in their fossil record. Lectures highlight the origin and radiation of major vertebrate clades, and emphasize key events in vertebrate history, notably major ecological and evolutionary transitions, and mass extinctions. Practicals (at the Royal Ontario Museum) explore fossils that exemplify these themes.

An intermediate research project requiring the prior consent of a member of the Department to supervise the project. The topic is to be one mutually agreed on by the student and supervisor. They must arrange the time, place, and provision of any materials and submit to the Undergraduate Office a signed form of agreement outlining details prior to being enrolled. This course is open to highly self-motivated students who are in their Third Year and have a strong interest in ecology and/or evolutionary biology. Students are required to write up the results of their research in a formal paper, often in the format of a research article, and may be required to present the results at a poster session and/or participate in an oral presentation. Students should contact their potential supervisors over the summer before classes begin in September. Information regarding how to register for the course is available on the EEB website. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

An instructor-supervised project in an off-campus setting. Details at http://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/course/399. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

An instructor-supervised project in an off-campus setting. Details at http://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/course/399. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

NOTE: Not all field courses (EEB403H1 to EEB410H1) are offered each year; check the EEB website (field course page) to determine which courses are offered in a given year.

A two-week field course introducing students to the diversity of biological communities in the tropics focusing on ecological and evolutionary interactions. Plant and animal communities of the New World tropics are compared and contrasted with temperate communities. Student research projects included. Offered in August 2016 (location: Peru). Fee for accommodations, food, within course travel, station fee, etc. will apply. See Departmental website for details. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

A two-week field course introducing students to the diversity of biological communities in the tropics focusing on ecological and evolutionary interactions. Plant and animal communities of the New World tropics are compared and contrasted with temperate communities. Student research projects included. Offered in August 2016 (location: Peru). Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

A two-week field course offered (in May or August) at U of T’s Koffler Scientific Reserve, King City, Ontario. Students learn the natural history of the region and conduct a field-based research project in ecology or evolutionary biology. Offered in August 2016. Fee for accommodations, food, within course travel, station fee, etc. will apply. See Departmental website for details. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

A two-week field course offered (in May or August) at U of T’s Koffler Scientific Reserve, King City, Ontario. Students learn the natural history of the region and conduct a field-based research project in ecology or evolutionary biology. Offered in August 2016. Fee for accommodations, food, within course travel, station fee, etc. will apply. See Departmental website for details. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

A two-week field course offered between May and August by another Ontario university (to various locations) as part of the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). The selection of field course modules are announced in January. For registration information and additional fees information consult the EEB website. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

A two week field course offered between May and August by another Ontario university (to various locations) as part of the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB). The selection of field course modules are announced in January. For registration information and additional fees information consult the EEB website. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

A two-week field course at a high mountain field station in the summer. Students learn the natural history of alpine and subalpine biomes and investigate major abiotic and biotic interactions. Required projects catalogue natural diversity, examine species interactions, or assess abiotic influences and stresses on high-altitude organisms and their environment. (Not offered in 2016-17.) Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

A two-week field course at a high mountain field station in the summer. Students learn the natural history of alpine and subalpine biomes and investigate major abiotic and biotic interactions. Required projects catalogue natural diversity, examine species interactions, or assess abiotic influences and stresses on high-altitude organisms and their environment. (Not offered 2016-17)  Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

A two-week field course in August (offered in alternate years) at the Harkness Fisheries Research Laboratory in Algonquin Park, Ontario. Field and laboratory exercises demonstrate how interactions between physical, chemical, and biological parameters are crucial in understanding lake ecosystems. Fundamental and applied issues are discussed. Students collect, analyse, and interpret data, and complete a class project and an individual project. Fee for accommodations, food, within course travel, station fee, etc. will apply. See Departmental website for details. (Next offered in August 2017.) Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

A two-week field course in August (offered in alternate years) at the Harkness Fisheries Research Laboratory in Algonquin Park, Ontario. Field and laboratory exercises demonstrate how interactions between physical, chemical, and biological parameters are crucial in understanding lake ecosystems. Fundamental and applied issues are discussed. Students collect, analyse, and interpret data, and complete a class project and an individual project. Fee for accommodations, food, within course travel, station fee, etc. will apply. See Departmental website for details. (Next offered in August 2017.) Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Prerequisite: BIO220H1 and and permission of department
Recommended Preparation: At least one 200+ series course in ecology, environmental biology, or physical geography; and a course in statistics
Distribution Requirement Status: Science
Breadth Requirement: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

EEB428H1    Global Change Ecology[24L/24T]

An examination of organism, population, and ecosystem responses to long-term environmental change occurring at the global scale, with emphasis on human caused perturbation to climate and the carbon, nitrogen, and hydrolic cycles and their ecological effects.

Theoretical ecology uses models to explain biological phenomena such as the  maintenance of biodiversity, population growth, competition, eco-evolutionary dynamics, epidemiology, spatial ecology, and species extinction. Students will learn to develop and analyse ecological models, and apply models to analyse and interpret data. (Not offered in 2016-17)

The ecology of urban areas through consideration of the biological and physical environments, in particular how the human-constructed environment alters pre-existing biophysical conditions and interactions. Encompasses a comparative perspective to study the development of these emerging ecosystems of increasing importance given global urbanization. One or two Saturday field trips (a fee of approximately $15 may be charged for field trip transportation.)

Advanced study of ecological principles and applied issues in freshwater and marine systems. Lectures and student-led discussions will cover physical, chemical, and biological interactions, from microbes to marine mammals. Topics may include carbon and nutrient cycling, food webs & trophic downgrading, ocean acidification, hydrothermal vents & connectivity in the oceans, lake management.

Major concepts in ecology and evolution from the perspective of plant-animal interactions. The richness of interactions between plants and animals is explored including antagonistic interactions (e.g., herbivory, carnivorous plants), mutualistic interactions (e.g., pollination, seed dispersal, ant-plant associations), and interactions involving multiple species across trophic levels. There may be a field trip held on a Saturday or Sunday. A fee of approximately $15 may be charged for field trip transportation.

An examination of the Gene-Environment Interplay perspective as sources of individual differences in behaviour, from both mechanistic and evolutionary viewpoints. Both historical and recent studies are used to illustrate important concepts in the field. Student-led discussions address the evidence base for these concepts.

A focus on theoretical population genetics, using mathematical models to understand how different evolutionary forces drive allele frequency change. Students learn how to mathematically derive classic results in population genetics. Topics include drift, coalescence, the relationship between population and quantitative genetics, selection in finite populations, and mutation load. Offered in alternate years; next offered in 2017-18.

Processes of evolution at the molecular level, and the analysis of molecular data. Gene structure, neutrality, nucleotide sequence evolution, sequence evolution, sequence alignment, phylogeny construction, gene families, transposition.

Biodiversity in the Anthropocene. This course links the biological and social sciences to identify human goals for future biodiversity, methods to achieve this biodiversity, and to understand key issues such as the “end of the wild”, “ecosystem services” as a unit of conservation, “animal welfare” as a moral responsibility, and “GMOs” as biodiversity. Practical training is provided in identifying “species at risk”, and in applying ecological-economics to “trade-off” decisions.

This course uses the collections, research, and public gallery areas of the Royal Ontario Museum to expose students to the ways in which biodiversity is discovered, analyzed, and interpreted in a museum setting. Topics include: morphological and molecular approaches, taxonomy, classification, bioinformatics and e-taxonomy, and the interpretation of biodiversity for the public. Labs include student projects and a one-day field trip on a weekend (cost about $20).

This course is taken concurrently by students who are enrolled in EEB498Y1 Advanced Research Project in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and uses a combination of seminars, discussions, and presentations (including presentations by students) designed to cover issues commonly encountered when conducting research in ecology and evolutionary biology. Topics may include experimental design, effective use of statistics, scientific writing and publishing, public communication, ethics, and career development. Students will be required to attend departmental seminars. This half-course runs from September to April and meets in alternate weeks. Students who apply to EEB497H1 in the fall session can also apply to enrol concurrently in EEB488H1.

A one-term intensive internship (in summer or fall term, for half credit) providing a placement and hands-on experience, in an ecologically or evolutionary context, with an organization such as a zoo, conservation authority, government agency, non-governmental organization, or media outlet. Provides senior students with a unique opportunity to communicate and translate the concepts learned in their ecology, evolutionary biology, or conservation biology courses in a practical way. Placements may require a commitment of one or two full days each week. Not eligible for CR/NCR.

A one-term intensive internship (in summer or fall term, for full credit) providing a placement and hands-on experience, in an ecologically or evolutionary context, with an organization such as a zoo, conservation authority, government agency, non-governmental organization, or media outlet. Provides senior students with a unique opportunity to communicate and translate the concepts learned in their ecology, evolutionary biology, or conservation biology courses in a practical way. Placements require a commitment of two or more full days each week. Not eligible for CR/NCR.

Seminar course in ecology and evolutionary biology, emphasizing critical thinking and the synthesis of ideas crossing disciplinary boundaries. Group discussions among peers, facilitated by faculty, and student presentations. Discussions include critical analysis of research and review articles in the primary literature. Evaluation based on presentations, participation in class discussions, and written assignments. A half-course offered in both Fall and Winter sessions.

Topics in behavioural ecology including predator-prey interactions, host-parasite interactions, mate choice, and foraging. Other topics for general discussions may include animal emotions, consciousness, culture and welfare. Evaluation based on presentations, participation in class discussions, and written assignments.

An independent studies half-course allowing students to conduct research which is supervised by a faculty member in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Highly motivated fourth-year students will work closely with a supervisor, and will be required to write up the results of their research in a final research paper. Students should contact a potential supervisor well before classes begin in the fall, winter, or summer session. Information on how to apply for the course is available on the EEB website. Students cannot take more than two independent research courses of EEB 497H1, 498Y1, and 499Y1, and the second project must be with a different supervisor. Students who apply to EEB497H1 in the fall session can also apply to enrol concurrently in EEB488H1Y. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

An advanced research project (a literature review alone is not sufficient) requiring the prior consent of a member of the Department to supervise the project. The topic is to be one mutually agreed on by the student and supervisor. They must arrange the time, place, and provision of any materials and submit to the Undergraduate Office a signed form of agreement outlining details prior to being enrolled. This course is normally open only to highly self-motivated students who are in their Fourth-Year and have adequate background in ecology and/or evolutionary biology. Students are required to write up the results of their research in a formal paper, often in the format of a research article, and are also required to present the results at a poster session and/or oral presentation. The time commitment is approximately 8 hours per week. Students should contact their potential supervisors over the summer before classes begin in September. Information regarding how to register for the course is available on the EEB website. Students in this course are also concurrently enrolled in EEB488H1Y Research Issues in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Allows students to do another independent project, supervision of which must be different from EEB497H1/EEB498Y1. Operates in the same manner as EEB498Y1. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.