Introduction

Forests have traditionally been managed primarily as sources of timber and revenue. However, there is increasing recognition of their immense cultural, social and environmental role, focused particularly by recent United Nations conferences in Rio De Janeiro and Johannesburg. Increasingly the focus of forest management has shifted to include biodiversity maintenance, ecological sustainability, and the protection of wildlife conservation. Canadians, as custodians of 10% of the remaining global forest cover, and 25% of the undisturbed frontier forest, have both the option and the responsibility to provide global leadership in forest conservation and sustainable forest management. Forest conservation programs prepare students for this critically important role by combining traditional ecological (biology, zoology) and physical (soil science, hydrology) sciences with social sciences. Forest conservationists increasingly focus on complex, emerging social and community issues, such as aboriginal rights and land tenure, protection of wilderness parklands, preservation of urban recreational green space, and the use of forests for carbon sequestration.

Canada is not only a key player in global forest conservation, but is also more economically dependant on forests than any other major developed country. Responsible stewardship of our forests and the changing focus from industrial timber production to forest conservation has greatly expanded the range of expertise necessary. Graduates can pursue a wide range of new career opportunities developing in private, government and non-government environmental organizations where forest conservationists increasingly work as members of multidisciplinary teams of environmental and resource managers. Graduates from forest conservation programs can also pursue graduate programs in a wide range of disciplines, including forest conservation, forestry, environmental sciences and international development.

Students may take a specialist 4-year degree leading to an H.B.A. in Forest Conservation or an H.B.Sc. in Forest Conservation Science. The arts program focuses on communal forest management, development of forest policies, forest economics and forest product trade, with electives in social sciences, while the science program concentrates on forest ecology with electives in life and physical sciences.

The specialist programs provide a grounding in forest conservation with emphasis on forest breadth as well as research depth, and can particularly meet the needs of individuals who are considering graduate level education in forestry (M.F.C., M.Sc.F. or Ph.D.).

A major in Forest Conservation Science is available in the science stream and is intended to build on a student's interest in forestry and related issues. Students should consider combining this program with a major in another related discipline such as environment, geography, botany, zoology, chemistry, urban studies or architecture.

A minor in Forest Conservation Science in the science stream and a minor in Forest Conservation in the arts stream are also available. Students should consider combining these programs with a minor in other related disciplines.

Undergraduate Co-ordinator:
Professor Vic Timmer, Room 3035 , Earth Sciences Centre (416-978-6774)

Undergraduate Administrator:
Ms. A. Veneziano, Room 1016E, Earth Sciences Centre (416-978-5480)

Forest Conservation Programs

Forest Conservation Science (Science program)

Enrolment in the specialist program is open to students who have completed four first-year courses with a minimum GPA of
2.3. Enrolment in the major and minor programs is open to students who have completed four first-year courses with a
minimum GPA of 2.0.

Specialist program:
(13.5 full courses or their equivalent, including at least four 300+series courses and 2.5 400-series courses; other equivalent and approved courses offered by other Faculties, UTM or UTSC may be eligible for inclusion.)

First Year:
BIO150Y1; Two Science FCEs (GGR100Y1; CHM138H1, CHM139H1 recommended)

Second Year:
1. ENV234Y1; FOR200H1, FOR201H1
2. One FCE from: ECO220Y1, ECO227Y1; GGR270H1; JBS229H1/STA221H1; STA220H1
3. One FCE from: BIO260H1; BOT251Y1; EES C20H1 (UTSC); GGR205H1, GGR206H1, GGR272H1, GGR273H1; PHL273H1;ENV236Y1; JIE222Y1

Third Year:
1. FOR301H1, FOR305H1. At least One FCE from FOR300H1, FOR302H1, FOR303H1, FOR306H1; BIO321H1
2. 0.5 FCE from: BIO319H1, BIO323H1, BIO328H1; BOT307H1, BOT340H1, BOT341H1
3. At least 1.5 FCE from: BIO302H1, BIO303H1, BIO306H1, BIO308H1, BIO324H1, BIO465H1; GGR303H1, GGR305H1, GGR310H1; ZOO 324Y1,ZOO360H1, ZOO361H1, ZOO386H1, ZOO388H1, ZOO389H1

Fourth Year:
1. FOR400Y1, FOR401H1
2. One FCE from: FOR403H1, FOR404H1, FOR405H1, FOR408H1, FOR412H1, FOR413H1, FOR416H1, FOR417H1: GGR403H1; INI442H1, INI447H1; JFG 470H1, 475H1

Major program:
(8 full courses or their equivalent, including at least 2.0 300+series courses and one 400-series course; other equivalent and
approved courses offered by other Faculties, UTM or UTSC Scarborough may be eligible for inclusion.)

First Year:
BIO150Y1; Two Science FCEs (GGR100Y1; CHM138H1, CHM139H1 recommended)

Second Year:
FOR200H1, FOR201H1; One FCE from ENV236Y1, ENV234Y1; JIE222Y1

Third Year:
FOR305H1; 1.5 FCE from: FOR300H1, FOR301H1, FOR302H1, FOR303H1, FOR306H1; BIO321H1

Fourth Year:
FOR400Y1

Minor Program:
(4 full courses or their equivalent, including at least 1.0 300+series course and one 400-series course)

First Year: BIO150Y1/ GGR100Y1/ENV200Y1

Second Year: FOR200H1, FOR201H1

Third Year: One FCE from: FOR300H1, FOR301H1, FOR302H1, FOR303H1, FOR305H1, FOR306H1

Fourth Year: FOR400Y1

Forest Conservation (Arts program)

Enrolment in this program is open to students who have completed four first-year courses with a minimum GPA of 2.3.
Enrolment in the minor program is open to students who have completed four first-year courses with a minimum GPA of 2.0.

Specialist program:
(12 full courses or their equivalent, including at least 3.5 300+series courses and 2.5 400-series courses; other equivalent and
approved courses offered by other Faculties, UTM or UTSC may be eligible for inclusion.)

First Year:
BIO150Y1; GGR107Y1 or One Social Science FCE

Second Year:
1. ENV234Y1; FOR200H1, FOR201H1
2. One FCE from: ECO220Y1, ECO227Y1; GGR270H1; JBS229H1/STA221H1; STA220H1
3. One FCE from: ABS201Y1; ANT204Y1; JIE222Y1; GGR233Y1; PHL273H1

Third Year:
1. FOR301H1, FOR305H1; At least One FCE from: FOR300H1, FOR302H1, FOR303H1, FOR306H1; BIO321H1
2. At least One FCE from: ANT365Y1; ENV321Y1; GGR331H1, GGR393H1; HIS318Y1; INI320Y1, INI332H1; UNI 302H1, 315Y1,UNI317Y1; JAG321H1

Fourth Year:
1. FOR400Y1, FOR401H1
2. One FCE from: ANT450H1, ANT453H1; FOR403H1, FOR412H1, FOR416H1, FOR417H1; INI421H1, INI422H1, INI447H1, INI494H1; INI440Y1,INI442H1; JFG470H1, JFG475H1; JIE410H1

Minor program:
(4 full courses or their equivalent)

First Year: One of ANT100Y1/ECO100Y1/ENV200Y1/ GGR100Y1/GGR107Y1

Higher Years: 3 FCEs from (FOR200H1, FOR201H1, FOR301H1, FOR302H1, FOR303H1, FOR305H1, FOR306H1, FOR400Y1, FOR401H1)