| Geography is the study of the environments created
on the earth's surface by nature and people. The physical and biological
elements of these environments, as well as their economic and social
structure, historical development, spatial organization, interrelationships,
management and planning form the subject matter of Geography. Geography,
therefore, relates closely to other fields in natural science, social
science and the humanities, and geographers take courses in these related
fields along with their geography courses. Students specializing in
other subjects often select one or more geography courses to deepen
their understanding of the resource base, culture and economy of those
parts of the world in which they are interested.
Employment opportunities for geographers exist in many branches of
international organizations, government, industry, and education. Geographers
work at all levels of government service, especially in agencies responsible
for environmental management; land and resource analysis; development
of historic districts and sites; urban transportation planning; regional
economic planning; trade promotion; geographic systems design and data
analysis; transport network design and the processing of archival, survey,
and cartographic information. In business, geographers work in marketing,
locational analysis, resource development, and in consulting firms engaged
in project evaluation and land use planning.
Students studying Geography may take either an H.B.A. or H.B.Sc., depending
upon the aspects they wish to emphasize. The Department offers several
Specialist, Major and Minor Programs in Geography, cooperates in offering
a combined program with Economics, shares with Botany and Zoology a
program in Biogeography, and contributes courses to various departmental
and college programs including American Studies; Anthropology; Archaeology;
Canadian Studies and Peace and Conflict Studies; Equity Studies; Division
of the Environment; Environmental Geosciences; Environmental Studies;
and Urban Studies; Ethics, Society and Law and International Relations;
and European Studies. Counselling and advice may be obtained from the
Undergraduate Coordinator or the Undergraduate Counsellor.
Undergraduate Coordinator:
Professor A.M. Davis, Sidney Smith Hall, Room 5044 (416-978-5992)
Student Counsellor:
S. Calanza, Sidney Smith Hall, Room 5050 (416-978-6455)
General Enquiries:416-978-3375
Geography Programs
Enrolment in Minor, Major and Specialist programs sponsored by the Department
of Geography requires the completion of four courses, including one
of GGR100Y1, GGR107Y1,
GGR124Y1, JGF 150Y1 or JGG 150Y1.
No minimum GPA required. Double majors in Geography must complete at
least 13 different GGR/JAG/JFG/JGF/JGG/JGI/JUG credits (only 1.0 overlap).
Students combining any of our Minor programs with a Specialist/Major
program would normally be allowed to count only 1.5 credits (of the
4.0 courses in the Minor program) towards both programs.
Biogeography (Science program)
Specialist program:
(13 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
First Year:
1. BIO150Y1; GGR100Y1/JGF 150Y1/JGG 150Y1; CHM 132H1, 133H1) /137Y1/ (CHM138H1,CHM139H1)/CHM151Y1/(CSC108H1, CSC148H1)
2. At least one of: JMB170Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1/PHY110Y1/PHY138Y1/PHY140Y1
Higher Years:
1. BOT251Y1/ZOO252Y1;
GGR270H1/STA220H1
2. Two of: GGR201H1, GGR203H1,
GGR205H1, GGR206H1
3. ENV234Y1/two of BIO319H1,
BIO321H1, BIO323H1,
BIO324H1, BIO328H1
4. One full course equivalent from: BOT300H1,
BOT307H1, BOT310H1;
ZOO265Y1, ZOO304H1,
ZOO309Y1, ZOO361H1,
ZOO373H1, ZOO384H1,
387H1, ZOO389H1
5. GGR305H1, GGR310H1
6. Two full course equivalents from BIO/BOT/ZOO at the 300+ level
7. 1.5 full course equivalent from GGR at the 300+ level
Note:
Of the 3.5 courses from BIO/BOT/ZOO and GGR, 1.0 must be at the 400-level
Environment and Resource Management (Arts program)
Specialist program:
(10 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
First Year:
One course from Group A (GGR107Y1
recommended)
Higher Years:
1. GGR233Y1, GGR270H1,
GGR271H1, GGR272H1,
GGR391H1, GGR393H1
2. GGR491Y1/two of GGR409H1,
GGR415H1, GGR418H1,
GGR435H1, GGR450H1,
GGR451H1, GGR492H1,
GGR498H1, GGR499H1
3. One additional half course from Group B
4. 4.0 courses from: GGR220Y1, 239H1,
GGR256H1, GGR305H1,
GGR307H1, GGR310H1,
GGR314H1, GGR331H1,
GGR332H1, GGR333H1,
GGR334H1, GGR335H1,
GGR338H1, GGR340H1,
GGR342H1, GGR343H1,
GGR344H1, GGR390H1,
GGR409H1, GGR415H1,
GGR418H1, GGR435H1,
GGR439H1, GGR450H1,
GGR451H1, 456H1; INI440Y1;
JFG 328H1, JFG470H1, JFG475H1;
JUG320H1; JAG321H1.
Of the 4.0 courses, additional options include: up to 1.5 courses from
Group C; up to 1.0 courses from Group B; a second course from Group
A.
Major program:
(7 full courses or their equivalent)
First Year:
One course from Group A (GGR107Y1
recommended)
Higher Years:
1. GGR233Y1, GGR270H1,
GGR271H1
2. 4.0 courses from last option list in Specialist program above
Geography (Arts program)
Specialist program:
(10 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
First Year:
One course from Group A
Higher Years:
1. GGR270H1, GGR271H1,
GGR272H1, GGR391H1/GGR392H1
2. GGR491Y1/two of GGR409H1,
GGR413H1, GGR415H1,
GGR418H1, GGR421H1,
GGR431H1, GGR439H1,
GGR446H1, GGR450H1,
GGR451H1, GGR452H1,
455H1, GGR459H1, GGR492H1,
GGR498H1, GGR499H1
3. One additional half course from Group B
4. 5.5 GGR/JAG/JFG/JGF/JGG/JGI/JUG courses with no more than one additional
course from Group A.
Major program:
(7 full courses or their equivalent)
Note: The general Geography major program is excluded from the arrangement
whereby students in a four-year degree may take two major programs sponsored
by the Department of Geography.
First Year:
One course from Group A
Higher Years:
1. GGR270H1, GGR271H1
2. 5.0 GGR/JAG/JFG/JGF/JGG/JGI/JUG courses of which at least 3.0 must
be at the 300-400 level, and with no more than one additional course
from Group A
Minor program:
(4 full courses or their equivalent)
1. One course only from Group A
2. Three other higher level GGR/JAG/JFG/JGF/JGG/JGI/JUG courses, including
at least one 300/400-series course
Geographic Information Systems (Arts program)
Note:
Students combining this program with a Specialist/Major sponsored by the
Department of Geography will normally be allowed to count only 1.5 (of
the 4.0) credits towards both programs.
Minor program:
(4 full courses or their equivalent)
1. GGR100Y1/GGR107Y1/GGR124Y1/JGG
150Y1/JGF 150Y1
2. GGR270H1, GGR272H1,
GGR273H1, GGR373H1,
(GGR462H1/GGR473H1)
3. Another half GGR course from Group B
Geography and Economics - See Economics
Historical and Cultural Geography (Arts program)
Consult Department of Geography.
Specialist program:
(10 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
First Year:
One course from Group A (GGR107Y1
recommended)
Higher Years:
1. GGR240Y1, GGR270H1,
GGR271H1, GGR272H1,
GGR392H1
2. GGR491Y1/two of GGR421H1,
GGR439H1, GGR446H1,
GGR492H1, GGR499H1
3. One additional half course from Group B
4. 4.5 courses from: GGR216H1, 239H1,
GGR246H1, GGR249H1,
GGR254H1, GGR336H1,
GGR340H1, GGR342H1,
GGR343H1, GGR344H1,
347H1, 348H1, GGR361H1, GGR362H1,
GGR363H1, GGR364H1,
GGR366H1, GGR368H1,
GGR421H1, GGR439H1,
GGR446H1; JUG320H1;
JAG321H1. Of the 4.5 courses, additional
options include up to 1.0 courses from Group B and a second course from
Group A.
Major program:
(7 full courses or their equivalent)
First Year:
One course from Group A (GGR107Y1
recommended)
Higher Years:
1. GGR240Y1, GGR270H1,
GGR271H1
2. 4.0 courses from last option list in Specialist program above
Physical and Environmental Geography (Science program)
Consult Department of Geography.
Specialist program:
(12.5 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
First Year:
1. One course from Group A (GGR100Y1
strongly recommended)
2. MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1/PHY110Y1/PHY138Y1/PHY140Y1
3. One course from: BIO150Y1/CHM
137Y1/(CHM138H1, CHM139H1)/CHM151Y1
Higher Years:
4. Three of: GGR201H1, GGR203H1,
GGR205H1, GGR206H1
5. GGR270H1, GGR272H1,
GGR390H1, GGR391H1,
GGR404H1
6. GGR491Y1/two of GGR409H1,
GGR413H1, GGR498H1
7. One additional half-course from Group B
8. 4.0 courses from: GGR201H1, GGR203H1,
GGR205H1, GGR206H1,
GGR301H1, GGR302H1,
GGR303H1, GGR305H1,
GGR307H1, GGR310H1,
GGR312H1, GGR314H1,
GGR333H1, GGR337H1,
GGR404H1, 402H1, GGR403H1,
GGR409H1, GGR413H1,
GGR490H1. Of the 3.0 courses, additional
options include up to 1.0 courses from Group B.
Major program:
(7.5 full courses or their equivalent)
First Year:
1. One course from Group A (GGR100Y1
strongly recommended)
2. One course from: BIO150Y1/CHM
137Y1/(CHM138H1, CHM139H1)/CHM151Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1/PHY110Y1/
PHY138Y1/ PHY140Y1
Higher Years:
1. Three of: GGR201H1, GGR203H1, GGR205H1, GGR206H1
2. GGR270H1, GGR390H1, GGR404H1
3. 2.5 courses from last option list in Specialist program above
Minor Program:
(4 full courses or their equivalent)
1. GGR100Y1/JGG 150Y1/JGF 150Y1
2. One full course or equivalent from: GGR201H1/GGR203H1/GGR205H1/GGR206H1
3. GGR390H1; (GGR301H1/GGR302H1/GGR305H1);
(GGR272H1/GGR307H1/GGR310H1/GGR312H1)
4. A half-course from Group C
Urban, Economic and Social Geography (Arts program)
Consult Department of Geography.
Specialist program:
(10 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
First Year:
One course from Group A (GGR124Y1
recommended)
Higher Years:
1. GGR220Y1, GGR270H1,
GGR271H1, GGR272H1,
GGR391H1
2. GGR491Y1/two of GGR431H1,
GGR439H1, GGR450H1,
GGR452H1, 455H1, GGR459H1,
GGR492H1, GGR499H1,
JFG470H1
3. One additional half-course from Group B
4. 4.5 courses from: GGR216H1, GGR233Y1,
239H1, GGR246H1, GGR249H1,
GGR252H1, GGR254H1,
GGR256H1, GGR323H1,
GGR324H1, GGR326H1,
GGR327H1, GGR328H1,
GGR333H1, GGR336H1,
GGR339H1, GGR340H1,
GGR342H1, GGR343H1,
GGR344H1, 347H1, 348H1, GGR357H1,
GGR361H1, GGR362H1,
GGR363H1, GGR366H1,
GGR368H1, GGR431H1,
436H1, GGR439H1, GGR450H1,
GGR452H1, 455H1, 456H1, GGR459H1;
JFG470H1, JFG475H1;
JGI346H1. Of the 4.5 courses, additional
options include up to 1.0 courses from Group B and a second course from
Group A.
Major program:
(7 full courses or their equivalent)
First Year:
One course from Group A (GGR124Y1
recommended)
Higher Years:
1. GGR220Y1, GGR270H1,
GGR271H1
2. 4.0 courses from last option list in Specialist program above
Group A:
GGR100Y1, 101Y1, GGR107Y1, 110Y1, GGR124Y1, JGF 150Y1/JGG 150Y1
Group B:
GGR270H1, GGR271H1, GGR272H1, GGR273H1, GGR337H1, GGR371H1, GGR373H1, GGR390H1, GGR391H1, GGR392H1, GGR393H1, GGR462H1, 464H1, GGR473H1, GGR480Y1, GGR490H1; JFG470H1, JFG475H1
Group C:
ENV236Y1; GGR201H1, GGR203H1, GGR205H1, GGR206H1, GGR301H1, GGR302H1, GGR303H1, GGR305H1, GGR307H1, GGR310H1, GGR314H1, 402H1, GGR403H1, GGR404H1, GGR409H1, GGR413H1, GGR490H1
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