| Economics is a social science that encompasses a particular
range of human behaviour and has a strong influence on the structure,
well-being, and development of a society.
Much of human activity is directed towards the satisfaction of material
wants. In many areas of the world, the greater part of human effort
must be directed towards meeting the most elemental demands for food,
clothing, and shelter. Even in technologically advanced societies, where
these basic requirements can be met with comparative ease, the desire
for more goods and services never appears to be fully satisfied. In
consequence, every society - regardless of whether it is capitalist,
socialist, or communist in political orientation - is both competitive
and cooperative. It is competitive because its members contend with
one another to satisfy their individual wants from a limited supply
of productive resources. It is cooperative because the greatest supply
of goods is available when the activity of producing them is coordinated
and organized. Economics deals with any issue arising out of the conflict
between the demand for goods and services, and a limited supply of resources
to satisfy those demands.
Undergraduate training in economics is intended to familiarize students
with the discipline of economic thinking, and to equip them for intelligent
appraisal of contemporary economic problems. It is also intended to
make students aware of the nature of economic science, and of the directions
in which economic theory is moving.
Economic theory now makes considerable use of mathematics in some of
its enquiries. A student who chooses to specialize in economics should
take at least one basic course in mathematics. More such courses may
be taken, and several economics courses draw on mathematical analysis.
Because of advances in economic theory, an undergraduate degree is
not sufficient to become a professional economist. For this or other
reasons, graduate work may be necessary. Students who wish to do graduate
work should seek advice from the Department concerning their choice
of courses.
The Department publishes an Undergraduate Handbook. Copies may be obtained
from the Department at 150 St. George Street. Some Economics Specialist
Programs list advisors whom students are encouraged to consult.
Undergraduate Secretary: R. Innes
Commerce Assistant: J. Alaimo
Enquiries:
150 St. George St., South Wing (416-978-4603)
Economics Programs Enrolment in Economics courses and programs
is based on grades in ECO100Y1 and,
in some cases, MAT133Y1 or MAT135Y1
or MAT137Y1/MAT157Y1.
Consult the Registration Handbook & Timetable and Departmental Handbook
for details.
Economic History & Economics (Arts program)
Enrolment in this program is limited to students with 63% in ECO100Y1,
or 80% in ECO105Y1, or who have passed
ECO100Y1 and have a CGPA of 2.50.
Specialist program:
(13 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
ECO full-course equivalent)
First Year:
ECO100Y1/ECO105Y1;
MAT133Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1
Higher Years:
1. ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1,
ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1,
ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/(STA250H1,STA255H1)/(STA257H1,STA261H1)
2. Four Economic History courses from ECO221Y1,
301Y, ECO302H1, ECO303Y1,
ECO306Y1, ECO342Y1,
ECO353Y1, 354H, 355H, ECO423H1,
ECO429Y1, ECO435H1,
ECO452H1, ECO457Y1,
1 HIS course
3. Four additional ECO courses (not from above list)
Economic History (Arts program)
Enrolment in the Economic History Programs is limited to students
with 63% in ECO100Y1, or who have
passed ECO100Y1 and have a CGPA of
2.50, or who have 80% in ECO105Y1.
Major program
(6 full courses or their equivalent)
First Year:
ECO100Y1/ECO105Y1
Higher Years:
1. ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1
2. Four Economic History courses from: ECO221Y1,
301Y, ECO302H1, ECO303Y1,
ECO306Y1, ECO342Y1,
ECO353Y1,354H, 355H, ECO423H1,
ECO429Y1, ECO435H1,
ECO452H1, ECO457Y1
Minor program:
(4 full courses or their equivalent)
1. ECO100Y1/ECO105Y1
2. ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1
3. Two Economic History courses from: ECO221Y1,
301Y, ECO302H1, ECO303Y1,
ECO306Y1, ECO342Y1,
ECO353Y1,354H, 355H, ECO423H1,
ECO429Y1, ECO435H1,
ECO452H1, ECO457Y1
Economics (Arts program)
Enrolment in the Specialist Program is limited to students with
70% in ECO100Y1, and 63% in MAT133Y1
or 60% in MAT135Y1 or 55% in MAT137Y1.
Specialist program:
(13 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
First Year:
ECO100Y1; MAT133Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1
Higher Years:
1. ECO206Y1, ECO208Y1,
ECO227Y1/(STA257H1,
STA261H1),
ECO325H1, ECO326H1/ECO432H1,
ECO327Y1, ECO429Y1
2. One Economic History course from the following: ECO221Y1,
301Y, ECO302H1, ECO303Y1,
ECO306Y1, ECO342Y1,
ECO353Y1, 354H, 355H, ECO423H1,
ECO435H1, ECO452H1,
ECO457Y1
3. Four additional 300+ series ECO courses
4. Additional preparation is strongly recommended: MAT223H1,
MAT235Y1/ECO210H1
Major program:
(7 full courses or their equivalent) Enrolment in the Major Program
is limited to students with 63% in ECO100Y1,
or 80% in ECO105Y1, or who have passed
ECO100Y1 and have a CGPA of 2.50.
First Year:
ECO100Y1/ECO105Y1;
MAT133Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1
Higher Years:
1. ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1,
ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1/ECO209Y1,
ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/
(STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1,
STA261H1)
2. Two additional 300+ series ECO courses, no more than one of which
may be a course in Economic History
Minor program:
(4 full courses or their equivalent) Enrolment in the Minor Program
is limited to students with 63% in ECO100Y1,
or 80% in ECO105Y1, or who have passed
ECO100Y1 and have a CGPA of 2.50.
1. ECO100Y1/ECO105Y1
2. ECO200Y1
3. Two additional ECO courses, including at least one 300+ series course
Note:
Only one Economic History course is permitted in this program.
Economics (Commerce & Finance) (B.Com.) - See Commerce
Economics (Quantitative Methods) (Science program)
Enrolment in this program is limited to students with 70% in ECO100Y1
and 55% in MAT137Y1.
Specialist program:
(12 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
First Year:
ECO100Y1; MAT137Y1/MAT157Y1
Higher Years:
1. APM236H1/(CSC165H1,CSC236H1)/CSC240H1/CSC263H1
2. ECO206Y1, ECO208Y1,
ECO325H1, ECO326H1/ECO432H1,
ECO327Y1
3. MAT223H1/MAT240H1,
MAT235Y1/MAT237Y1
4. ECO227Y1/(STA257H1,
STA261H1)
5. One course from Group A and two courses from A or B (for a
total of three):
Group A:
ECO416H1, ECO418H1;
APM236H1, APM362H1;
CSC148H1, (CSC165H1,
CSC236H1)/CSC240H1,
CSC207H1, CSC260H1,
CSC263H1, CSC336H1/CSC350H1,
CSC340H1, CSC354H1,
CSC363H1/CSC365H1,
CSC373H1/CSC375H1,
MAT315H1, MAT337H1;
STA322H1, STA352Y1,
STA422H1, 452H, STA457H1,
464H Group B:
Any 300+ series ECO course
Note: At least four 300+ series courses, including at least one 400-series
course, must be completed for this program.
Economics and Computer Science (Science program) - See Computer
Science
Economics and Geography (Arts program)
Consult Professor A.M. Davis, Undergraduate Coordinator, Department
of Geography.
Enrolment in this Program is limited to students with 63% in ECO100Y1,
or 80% in ECO105Y1, or who have passed
ECO100Y1 and have a CGPA of 2.50.
Specialist program:
(15 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
First Year:
ECO100Y1/ECO105Y1;
MAT133Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1;
GGR107Y1/110Y/GGR124Y1
Higher Years:
1. ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1,
ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1,
ECO333Y1; GGR220Y1
2. ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/(STA250H1,
STA255H1)/(STA257H1,
STA261H1)
3. Two full courses from: GGR233Y1,
GGR249H1, GGR252H1,
GGR254H1, GGR256H1,
GGR323H1, GGR324H1,
GGR326H1, GGR331H1,
GGR332H1, GGR333H1,
GGR334H1, GGR343H1,
GGR344H1, GGR357H1,
436H, JGI346H1, other choices from
5. and 6. below
4. Two full courses from: ECO221Y1,
ECO303Y1, ECO306Y1,
ECO313H1, ECO334Y1,
ECO336Y1, ECO340H1,
ECO342Y1, ECO423H1,
ECO425H1, ECO435H1
5. One of GGR271H1, GGR273H1,
GGR371H1, GGR373H1,
GGR462H1, GGR473H1
6. GGR391H1, GGR491Y1/two
of GGR415H1, GGR431H1,
GGR450H1, GGR459H1,
GGR499H1, JFG470H1
7. One additional ECO/GGR course if ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1
is chosen, or two if (STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1,
STA261H1)) are chosen
Economics & Mathematics (Science program)
Consult Professor N.A. Derzko, Department of Mathematics, or Undergraduate
Secretary, Department of Economics.
Enrolment in this Program is limited to students with 70% in ECO100Y1
and 55% in MAT137Y1.
Specialist program:
(13 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
First Year:
ECO100Y1; MAT137Y1/MAT157Y1
Second Year:
ECO206Y1, ECO208Y1,
ECO227Y1/(STA257H1,
STA261H1); (MAT223H1/MAT240H1,
MAT237Y1, MAT246Y1)/MAT257Y1
Second or Third Year:
APM236H1;
MAT244H1/MAT267H1
Third Year:
MAT315H1/MAT337H1/(MAT327H1,MAT357H1)
(MAT357H1 may be taken in Fourth
Year)
Third or Fourth Year:
1. APM362H1; ECO325H1/ECO326H1
2. Two 300+series ECO courses
3. One course from: MAT309H1/MAT315H1/MAT334H1/MAT337H1/MAT344H1/
MAT363H1/MAT464H1/any
400-series MAT course/another 300+level STA course, subject to the approval
of the advisors
Economics & Philosophy (Arts program)
Consult the Undergraduate Coordinator, Department of Philosophy.
Enrolment in this Program is limited to students with 63% in ECO100Y1,
or 80% in ECO105Y1, or who have passed
ECO100Y1 and have a CGPA of 2.50.
Specialist program:
(15 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
First Year:
ECO100Y1/ECO105Y1;
MAT133Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1
Higher Years:
1. ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1,
ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1,
ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/
(STA250H1,STA255H1)/(STA257H1,STA261H1),
ECO429Y1
2. Two additional ECO courses
3. Seven courses in Philosophy; it is strongly recommended that five
be chosen according to the profile specified in the Philosophy Specialist
Program, with at least two being 300+ series courses.
Note:
At least four 300+ series courses must be completed for this program.
Economics & Political Science (Arts program)
Consult Director of Undergraduate Studies, Department of Political
Science.
Enrolment in this Program is limited to students with 63% in ECO100Y1,
or 80% in ECO105Y1, or who have passed
ECO100Y1 and have a CGPA of at least
2.50. Students should also have met the requirements of the Political
Science Department (see the Political Science listings).
Specialist program:
(15 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
NOTE: The 15 courses must include 8 in ECO, two of which must be 300+
series; and 7 in POL or JPE, including one 300+ series course and one
400-series course. At least one POL course must be in the area of Canadian
politics.
First Year:
ECO100Y1/ECO105Y1;
MAT133Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1;
POL102Y1/POL103Y1/
POL108Y1/POL214Y1
Higher Years:
1. POL200Y1
2. ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1,
ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1,
ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/(STA250H1,
STA255H1)/(STA257H1,
STA261H1), ECO429Y1
3. ECO221Y1, 301Y, ECO302H1,
ECO303Y1, ECO306Y1,
ECO342Y1, ECO353Y1,
354H, 355H, ECO423H1, ECO429Y1,
ECO435H1, ECO452H1,
ECO457Y1
4. One additional ECO course
5. One full course from any of the following three fields in Political
Science (see Departmental Handbook for breakdown of courses into fields):
- Comparative Politics (Developing)
- Comparative Politics (Industrial)
- International Relations
6. One full course from: JPE400/POL 409/418/435/ 442/454/458/463/474/475/488/489
7. Three additional courses in POL or JPE
Economics & Sociology (Arts program)
Consult Undergraduate Secretary, Department of Economics.
Enrolment in this Program is limited to students with 63% in ECO100Y1,
or 80% in ECO105Y1, or who have passed
ECO100Y1 and have a CGPA of 2.50.
Students must have 65% in SOC101Y1,
and 70% in each of SOC200Y1 and SOC203Y1.
Students must have completed 8 full courses and be enrolled in the Sociology
Major program.
Specialist program:
(15 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
First Year:
ECO100Y1/ECO105Y1;
MAT133Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1;
SOC101Y1
Higher Years:
1. ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1,
ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1,
ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/SOC300Y1/(STA250H1,
STA255H1)/(STA257H1,
STA261H1)
2. SOC200Y1, SOC203Y1,
SOC387Y1, SOC389Y1,
SOC401Y1
3. Two of the following pairs of courses: ECO221Y1
& SOC220Y1; ECO310Y1
& SOC317Y1; ECO333Y1
& SOC205Y1; ECO339Y1
& SOC207Y1/SOC370Y1;
ECO340H1 plus a second ECO half-course
& SOC301Y1; ECO425H1
plus a second ECO half-course & SOC312Y1
Note: At least four 300+ series courses must be completed for this
program
Economics & Statistics (Science program)
Consult Undergraduate Secretary, Department of Economics.
Enrolment in this Program is limited to students with 70% in ECO100Y1
and 55% in MAT137Y1.
Specialist program:
(14 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
First Year:
CSC148H1/CSC150H1/CSC260H1;
ECO100Y1; MAT137Y1/MAT157Y1
Second Year:
ECO206Y1, ECO208Y1;
MAT223H1/MAT240H1,
MAT237Y1; ECO227Y1/(STA257H1,
STA261H1)
Third Year:
1. ECO325H1, ECO326H1,
ECO327Y1; STA347H1
2. One 300+ series ECO course
3. STA352Y1
Fourth Year:
1. ECO416H1/ECO418H1
2. A 300+ series ECO half-course
3. STA437H1, STA457H1;
one STA half-course from STA 348H/STA422H1/STA442H1
4. One additional half-course from ACT 335H/MAT244H1/MAT267H1/a
300+ series ECO or STA half-course
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