Introduction

Given by Members of the Departments of Botany and Zoology

Students are advised to consult courses listed by these Departments

Biology is the scientific study of life. At no time in history has biology been so visible and so important to human life and the future of our planet than at the present. The study of biology has vast applications — in understanding one’s own body, in grappling with the ethical questions that face humanity, and in understanding the interdependent web of living organisms on the planet and our need to help protect the delicate ecological balance that sustains us all. Today the biological sciences are experiencing a revolution. Important discoveries occur almost weekly as scientists and their students around the world develop and use new techniques, theories, and approaches. The University of Toronto has many faculty conducting research and teaching courses in the biological sciences. Within the Faculty of Arts and Science, St. George campus, biology courses are taught by members of the departments of Botany and Zoology. There is no single biology department. Each department offers its own programs and courses, but also jointly teaches Biology courses. Biology courses are available in the subject areas of behaviour, evolution, ecology, cell and molecular biology, and genetics. In addition, there are courses offering a field experience for students of Biology, Botany or Zoology. Students should consult the Biology, Botany and Zoology entries in this Calendar. Since many areas of biology draw on mathematics and the physical sciences, a background in mathematics, chemistry and physics is recommended for students interested in the study of biology.

Students entering their first year in the life sciences typically take BIO 150Y1. BIO 150Y1 is taken by students who have successfully completed OAC Biology (or an equivalent course) and is a prerequisite for almost all further courses in the life sciences. All students, regardless of campus or Faculty, must abide by the stated course prerequisites and exclusions.

Counselling:

Botany Undergraduate Office, Room 3055A, Earth Sciences Centre, (416-978-7172) or Zoology Undergraduate and BIO150Y1 Office, Room 019, Ramsay Wright Zoological Laboratories (416-978-2084). BIO250Y1 and JLM349H1 Office, Room 3053, Earth Sciences Centre (416-978-6442).

BIOLOGY PROGRAMS

BIOGEOGRAPHY — See GEOGRAPHY

Enrolment in the Biology programs requires completion of four courses; no minimum GPA is required.


NOTES:

1. Students in these Programs are encouraged to notify the Botany Undergraduate Office, Room 3055A, Earth Sciences Centre or the Zoology
Undergraduate Office, Room 019, Ramsay Wright Zoological Laboratories of their course selections, beginning in the Second Year.

2. Other sciences, particularly Chemistry and Mathematics, are essential for most advanced work in Biology.

BIOLOGY (B.Sc.)

Consult Departments of Botany and Zoology.

Specialist program (Hon.B.Sc.):

(13 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)

First Year:

BIO 150Y1; CHM (138H1, 139H1)/151Y1; JMB 170Y1/MAT 135Y1/136Y1/137Y1/157Y1

See also Higher Years Group 1. below. (In selecting 100-series CHM and MAT courses, students should consider prerequisites for courses
they intend to take in higher years.)

Higher Years:



1. Any two of CHM (220H1, 247H1)/248Y1; PHY 110Y1/138Y1/140Y1; PSY (201H1, 202H1)/STA 220H1, (221H1/JBS 229H1)/(STA 250H1, 255H1)/(257H1, 261H1)
NOTE: One of the two courses selected here could also be taken in First Year

2. BIO 250Y1, 260H1; BOT 251Y1; ZOO 252Y1

3. One 200+ series half-course from BCH, BIO, BOT, ENV 234Y1, HPS 323H1, 333H1, JLM, JZM, JZP, MGB 312H1, ZOO (excluding BOT 202Y1,
ZOO 200Y1, 214Y1)

4. One 300+ series BOT course

5. One 300+ series from HPS 323H1/333H1/JLM/JZM/JZP/MGB 312H1/ZOO

6. One additional 400- series BIO/BOT/ ZOO

7. Any 300+ series course in ANA, BCH, BIO, BOT, HPS 323H1, 333H1, IMM, JLM, JZM, JZP, MBY, MGB, PSL, or ZOO

Major program (B.Sc.):

(8 full courses or their equivalent)

First Year:

BIO 150Y1; CHM (138H1, 139H1)/151Y1

Higher Years:



1. BIO 250Y1; BOT 251Y1; ZOO 252Y1

2. One 200+ series course from BCH, BIO, BOT, ENV 234Y1, HPS 323H1, 333H1, JLM, JZM, JZP, MGB 312H1, ZOO (excluding BOT 202Y1,
ZOO 200Y1, 214Y1)

3. Two 300+ level courses in: ANA, BCH, BIO, BOT, HPS 323H1, 333H1, IMM, JLM, JZM, JZP, MBY, MGB, PSL, or ZOO

Minor program (B.Sc.):

(4 full courses or their equivalent)

1. BIO 150Y1

2. BIO 250Y1/BOT 251Y1/ZOO 252Y1

3. One course from BIO, BOT (excluding BOT 202Y1), ENV 234Y1, MGB 460H1

4. One course from BIO, ENV 234Y1, HPS 323H1, 333H1, JLM, JZM, JZP, MGB 312H1, ZOO (excluding ZOO 200Y1, 214Y1)

NOTE: One of the courses chosen from 3. or 4. must be at the 300+ level.

BIOLOGY, HUMAN — See HUMAN BIOLOGY

BIOPHYSICS — See PHYSICS

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (Hon.B.Sc.)

Consult the Departments of Botany and Zoology.

Enrolment in this programs requires completion of four courses, including BIO 150Y1; CHM 138H1, 139H1/151Y1; JMB 170Y1/MAT 135Y1/136Y1/ 137Y1/157Y1; no minimum GPA is required.

Specialist program:

(12 or 12.5 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)

First Year:

BIO 150Y1; CHM (138H1, 139H1)/151Y1; JMB 170Y1/MAT 135Y1/136Y1/137Y1/157Y1

Higher Years:



1. BCH 210H1; BIO 250Y1, 260H1; BOT 251Y1/ZOO 252Y1; CHM (220H1, 247H1)/248Y1

2. JLM 349H1/MGB 311Y1*

3. BOT 340H1; ZOO 328H1

4. 1.5 courses from: ANA 301H1, 400Y1; BIO 359H1; BOT 310H1, 341H1; MGB 312H1, 420H1, 425H1, 451H1, 452H1, 460H1; ZOO 327H1, 329H1, 344H1, 426H1

5. Two courses from BIO 482Y1; BOT 460Y1; ZOO 498Y1

* With permission of Undergraduate Secretary, Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology

ECOLOGY (Hon.B.Sc.)

Consult Departments of Zoology and Botany.

Specialist program:

(13.5 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)

First Year:

BIO 150Y1; CHM (138H1, 139H1)/151Y1; JMB 170Y1/MAT 135Y1/136Y1/137Y1/157Y1

Higher Years:



1. BIO 250Y1, 260H1, 323H1; BOT 251Y1/ZOO 252Y1; ENV 234Y1

2. GGR 270Y1/PSY (201H1, 202H1)/STA 220H1, (221H1/JBS 229H1)/STA (250H1, 255H1)/257H1, 261H1)

3. BIO 301H1/302H1/303H1/305H1/306H1/308H1/ZOO 304H1/309Y1/360H1/361H1

4. Four courses from: BIO 319H1, 321H1, 324H1, 328H1, ZOO 322H1, 433H1

5. One course from: BIO 494Y1, 495Y1, 496Y1

6. Two courses from: ANT 428H1, BIO, BOT (except BOT 202Y1), CHM, ENV (except ENV 200Y1), GGR (only science courses), GLG (except
GLG 100H1, 103H1, 105H1, 110H1), HPS 323H1, 333H1, JLM, JZM, JZP, MAT, PHY (except PHY 100Y1, 110Y1), STA, ZOO (except ZOO 200Y1, 214Y1) and at least 0.5 course at the 300+ level. BIO 370H1, 428H1, 465H1, 469H1, 470H1, ZOO 373, 375H1 are recommended for this program

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY MINOR PROGRAM — See Division of the Environment

EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY (Hon.B.Sc.)

Consult Departments of Zoology and Botany.

Specialist program:

(13 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)

First Year:

BIO 150Y1; CHM (138H1, 139H1)/151Y1; JMB 170Y1/MAT 135Y1/136Y1/137Y1/157Y1

Higher Years:



1. BIO 250Y1, 260H1; BOT 251Y1/ZOO 252Y1

2. CHM (220H1, 247H1)/248Y1/GGR 270Y1/PSY (201H1, 202H1)/STA 220H1, (221H1/JBS 229H1)/STA (250H1, 255H1)/(257H1, 261H1)

3. CHM (220H1, 247H1)/248Y1/GGR 270Y1/GLG (110H1, 216H1)/MAT 235Y1/237Y1/PHY 110Y1/138Y1/PSY 100Y1/(201H1, 202H1)/STA 220H1, (221H1/
JBS 229H1)/STA (250H1, 255H1)/(257H1, 261H1)

4. BIO 319H1, 321H1, 323H1, 324H1; ZOO 362H1

5. Three courses from: ANT 428H1, BIO, BOT (except BOT 202Y1), ENV 234Y1, HPS 323H1, 333H1, JLM, JZM, JZP, ZOO (except ZOO 200Y1, 214Y1). Of the three courses, one must be from: BIO 301H1/302H1/303H1/305H1/306H1/308H1/ZOO 304H1/309Y1/360H1/361H1, and one from: BIO 494Y1, 495Y1, 496Y1, ZOO 480Y1 - 496Y (BIO 494Y1 is recommended). BIO 370H1, 459H1, 460H 470H, ZOO 462H1 are recommended for this
program.