Geography is the study of the environments created on the earth’s
surface by nature and people. The physical and biological elements of
these environments, as well as their economic and social structure, historical
development,
spatial organization, interrelationships, management and planning form the
subject matter of Geography. Geography, therefore, relates closely to
other fields in
natural science, social science and the humanities, and geographers take courses
in these related fields along with their geography courses. Students specializing
in other subjects often select one or more geography courses to deepen their
understanding of the resource base, culture and economy of those parts of the
world in which they are interested.
Employment opportunities for geographers
exist in many branches of international organizations, government, industry,
and education. Geographers work at all levels of government service, especially
in agencies responsible for environmental management; land and resource analysis;
development of historic districts and sites; urban transportation planning;
regional economic planning; trade promotion; geographic systems design
and data analysis;
transport network design and the processing of archival, survey, and cartographic
information. In business, geographers work in marketing, locational analysis,
resource development, and in consulting firms engaged in project evaluation,
land use planning and natural heritage conservation.
Students studying Geography may take either an H.B.A. or H.B.Sc.,
depending upon the subjects they wish to emphasize. The Department offers
several Specialist,
Major and Minor Programs in Geography, cooperates in offering a combined
program with Economics, shares with Ecology and Evolutionary Biology a
program in Biogeography, and contributes courses to various departmental
and college
programs including American Studies; Anthropology; Archaeology; Canadian
Studies and Peace and Conflict Studies; Equity Studies; Centre for Environment;
Environmental Geosciences; and Urban Studies; Ethics, Society and Law and
International Relations; and European Studies. Counselling and advice may
be obtained from the Undergraduate Coordinator or the Undergraduate Counsellor.
Undergraduate Coordinator:Professor D. Harvey, Sidney Smith Hall, Room 5032 (416-978-1588)
Student Counsellor:S. Calanza, Sidney Smith Hall, Room 5050 (416-978-6455)
General Enquiries:416-978-3375
Geography Programs
Enrolment in Minor, Major and Specialist programs sponsored by the Department
of Geography requires the completion of four courses, including one of GGR100H1, GGR101H1, GGR107H1,
or GGR124H1.Entry requirements to all Specialist programs is a CGPA of 2.5. Entry requirements
for all Major programs is a CGPA of 2.0 or 67% in 1.0 GGR FCE at the 100
or 200 level. Double majors in Geography must complete at least 13 different
GGR/JAG/JFG/JGF/JGI/JUG/JGE credits (only 1.0 overlap). Students combining
any of our Minor programs with a Specialist/Major program would normally
be allowed to count only 1.5 credits (of the 4.0 courses in the Minor program)
towards both programs. Generally, students may only take 1.0 Independent
Research Project credits toward their program requirements..
Note
The general Geography major program is excluded from the arrangement whereby
students in a four-year degree may take two major programs sponsored
by the Department of Geography.
Biogeography (Science program)
Specialist program:
(13 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)
Entry
Requirements:
Students must have a CGPA of 2.5
First Year:
1. BIO150Y1BIO150Y1; GGR100H1, GGR101H1; (CHM138H1,CHM139H1)/CHM151Y1/(CSC108H1, CSC148H1)
2. At least one of: JMB170Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1/PHY131H1, PHY132H1/PHY151H1, PHY152H1
Higher Years:
1. Two of: GGR201H1, GGR203H1, GGR205H1, GGR206H1
2. BOT251Y1/ZOO252Y1; GGR270H1/STA220H1
3. ENV234Y1/two of BIO319H1, 321H1, 323H1, 324H1, 328H1
4. One full course equivalent from: BOT300H1, 307H1, 310H1; ZOO265Y1, 304H1, 309Y1, 361H1, 373H1, 384H1, 387H1, 389H1
5. GGR305H1, GGR310H1
6. Two full course equivalents from BIO/BOT/ZOO at the 300+ level
7. 1.5 full course equivalent from GGR at the 300+ level
Note:
Of the 3.5 courses from BIO/BOT/ZOO and GGR, 1.0 must be at the 400-level
Environment and Resource Management (Arts program)
Specialist program:
(10 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
Entry Requirements:
Students must have a CGPA of 2.5
First Year:
1.0 courses from GGR100H1, GGR101H1, GGR107H1, GGR124H1 (GGR107H1 recommended) or 1.0 other courses with permission of department.
Higher Years:
1. JGE221Y1; GGR270H1, GGR271H1, GGR272H1, GGR393H1
2. GGR491Y1/two of GGR409H1, GGR415H1, GGR418H1, GGR450H1, GGR451H1, GGR492H1, GGR498H1, GGR499H1
3. One additional half course from Group B
4. 4.5 courses from: GGR220H1, GGR221H1, GGR256H1, GGR305H1, GGR307H1, GGR314H1, GGR331H1, GGR332H1, GGR333H1, GGR334H1, GGR335H1, GGR338H1, GGR342H1, GGR343H1, GGR390H1, GGR391H1, GGR409H1, GGR415H1, GGR418H1, GGR421H1, GGR439H1, GGR450H1, GGR451H1, ENV236Y1/ENV440Y1/JUG320H1/JAG321H1/JGE347H1, JGE348H1. Of the 4.5 courses, additional options include: up to 1.5 courses from Group
C; up to 1.0 courses from Group B.
Major program:
(7 full courses or their equivalent)
Note:
The general Geography major program is excluded from the arrangement whereby
students in a four-year degree may take two major programs sponsored by
the Department of Geography
Entry Requirements:
Students must have a CGPA of 2.0 or obtain 67% in 1.0 GGR FCE at the 100
or 200 level
First Year:
1.0 courses from GGR100H1, GGR101H1 GGR107H1, GGR124H1 (GGR107H1 recommended) or 1.0 other courses with permission of department.
Higher Years:
1. JGE221Y1; GGR270H1, GGR271H1
2. 4.0 courses from last option list in Specialist program above
Geography (Arts program)
Specialist program:
(10 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series
course)
Entry Requirement:
Students must have a CGPA of 2.5
First Year:
1.0 courses from GGR100H1, GGR101H1, GGR107H1, GGR124H1 or 1.0 other courses with permission of department.
Higher Years:
1. GGR270H1, GGR271H1, GGR272H1
2. GGR491Y1/two of GGR409H1, GGR413H1, GGR415H1, GGR418H1, GGR431H1, GGR439H1, 446H1, GGR450H1, GGR451H1, GGR452H1,GGR457H1, GGR458H1, 459H1, GGR492H1, GGR498H1, GGR499H1
3. One additional half course from Group B
4. 6.0 GGR/JAG/JFG/JGF/JGI/JUG/JGE/ENV236Y1
Major program:
(7 full courses or their equivalent)
Note:
The general Geography major program is excluded from the arrangement whereby
students in a four-year degree may take two major programs sponsored by
the Department of Geography.
Entry Requirement:
Students must have a CGPA of 2.0 or obtain 67% in 1.0 GGR FCE at the 100
or 200 level
First Year:
1.0 courses from GGR100H1, GGR101H1, GGR107H1, GGR124H1 or 1.0 other courses with permission of department.
Higher Years:
1. GGR270H1, GGR271H1
2. 5.0 GGR/JAG/JFG/JGF/JGI/JUG/JGE/ENV236Y1 courses of which at least 3.0 must be at the 300-400 level
Minor program:
(4 full courses or their equivalent)
1. 1.0 courses from GGR100H1, GGR101H1m GGR107H1, GGR124H1
2. Three other higher level GGR/JAG/JFG/JGI/JUG/JGE/ENV236Y1 courses,
including at least one 300/400-series course
Geographic Information Systems (Arts program)
Note:
Students combining this program with a Specialist/Major sponsored by the
Department of Geography will normally be allowed to count only 1.5
(of the 4.0) credits towards both programs.
Minor program:
(4 full courses or their equivalent)
1. 1.0 courses from GGR100H1, GGR101H1, GGR107H1, GGR124H1 or
1.0 other courses with permission of department
2. GGR270H1, GGR272H1, GGR273H1, GGR373H1
3. One half course from GGR462H1, GGR473H1
4. One of GGR337H1, GGR371H1, GGR413H1, GGR462H1, GGR473H1, JFG470H1, JFG475H1
Geography
and Economics - See Economics
Historical and Cultural Geography (Arts program)
Specialist program:
(10 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)
Entry Requirement:
Students must have a CGPA of 2.5
First Year:
1.0 courses from GGR100H1, GGR101H1, GGR107H1, GGR124H1 (GGR107H1, GGR124H1 recommended) or 1.0 other courses with permission of department
Higher Years:
1. GGR240H1, GGR270H1, GGR271H1, GGR272H1, GGR336H1, GGR360H1
2. 1.0 courses from: GGR216H1, GGR241H1, GGR246H1, GGR249H1, GGR254H1
3. 1.5 courses from: GGR421H1, GGR431H1, GGR439H1, GGR452H1, GGR457H1, 4912Y1
4. 3.5 courses from: GGR320H1, GGR327H1, GGR328H1, GGR339H1, GGR342H1, GGR343H1, 346H1, GGR350H1, GGR361H1, GGR366H1, GGR391H1, JUG320H1, JAG321H1
Major program:
(7 full courses or their equivalent)
Note:
The general Geography major program is excluded from the arrangement whereby
students in a four-year degree may take two major programs sponsored by
the Department of Geography
Entry Requirement:
Students must have a CGPA of 2.0 or obtain 67% in 1.0 GGR FCE at the 100
or 200 level
First Year:
1.0 courses from GGR100H1, GGR101H1, GGR107H1, GGR124H1 (GGR107H1, GGR124H1 recommended) or 1.0 other courses with permission of department
Higher Years:
1. GGR240H1, GGR270H1, GGR271H1
2. GGR336H1, GGR360H1
3. 3.5 courses from lists #2, #3 and #4 in Specialist program above
Physical and Environmental Geography (Science program)
Specialist program:
(12 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)
Entry Requirement:
Students must have a CGPA of 2.5
First Year:
1. 1.0 courses from GGR100H1, GGR101H1, GGR107H1, GGR124H1 A (GGR100H1 and GGR101H1 strongly recommended) or 1.0 other courses with permission of department
2. MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1/PHY131H1, PHY132H1/PHY151H1, PHY152H1
3. One course from: BIO150Y1BIO150Y1/CHM137Y1/(CHM138H1, CHM139H1)/CHM151Y1
Higher Years:
4. Three of: GGR201H1, GGR203H1, GGR205H1, GGR206H1
5. GGR270H1, GGR272H1, GGR390H1
6. GGR491Y1/two of GGR403H1, GGR409H1, GGR413H1, GGR498H1
7. One additional half-course from Group B
8. 4.5 courses from: GGR201H1, GGR203H1, GGR205H1, GGR206H1, GGR301H1, GGR302H1, GGR303H1, GGR305H1, GGR307H1, GGR310H1, GGR314H1, GGR330H1, GGR333H1, GGR337H1, GGR391H1, GGR403H1, GGR409H1, GGR413H1, GGR421H1, GGR490H1, GGR498H1/ENV236Y1/JGE347H1, JGE348H1. Of the 4.5 courses, additional options include up to 1.0 courses from Group B.
Major program:
(7.5 full courses or their equivalent)
Note
The general Geography major program is excluded from the arrangement whereby
students in a four-year degree may take two major programs sponsored by
the Department of Geography
Entry Requirement:
Students must have a CGPA of 2.0 or 67% in 1.0 GGR FCE at the 100 or 200
level
First Year:
1. 1.0 courses from GGR100H1, GGR101H1, GGR107H1, GGR124H1 (GGR100H1 and GGR101H1 strongly recommended) or 1.0 other courses with permission of department
2. One course from: BIO150Y1BIO150Y1/CHM137Y1/(CHM138H1, CHM139H1)/CHM151Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1/PHY110Y1/138Y1/140Y1
Higher Years:
1. Three of: GGR201H1, GGR203H1, GGR205H1, GGR206H1
2. GGR270H1, GGR390H1
3. 3.0 courses from last option list in Specialist program above
Minor Program:
(4 full courses or their equivalent)
1. 1.0 courses from GGR100H1, GGR101H1, GGR107H1, GGR124H1 (GGR100H1 and GGR101H1 strongly
recommended) or 1.0 other courses with permission of department
2. One full course or equivalent from: GGR201H1/GGR203H1/GGR205H1/GGR206H1
3. GGR390H1;
(GGR301H1/GGR302H1/GGR303H1/GGR305H1); (GGR272H1/GGR307H1/GGR310H1)
4. A half-course from
Group C
Urban, Economic and Social Geography (Arts program)
Specialist program:
(10 full courses or
their equivalent, including at least one 400-series course)
Entry Requirement:
Students must have a CGPA of 2.5
First Year:
One course from Group A (GGR 124Y1 recommended)
Higher Years:
1.0 courses from GGR100H1, GGR101H1, GGR107H1, GGR124H1 (GGR124H1 recommended) or 1.0 other courses with permission of department
Higher Years:
1. GGR220H1, GGR221H1, GGR270H1, GGR271H1, GGR272H1
2. GGR491Y1/two of GGR431H1, GGR439H1, GGR450H1, GGR452H1, 455H1, GGR492H1, GGR499H1, GGR457H1, GGR458H1, JFG470H1
3. One additional half-course from Group B
4. 5.0 courses from: GGR216H1, JGE221Y1; GGR246H1, GGR249H1, GGR252H1, GGR254H1, GGR256H1, GGR323H1, GGR324H1, 326H1, GGR327H1, GGR328H1, GGR333H1, GGR334H1, GGR336H1, GGR339H1, GGR342H1, GGR343H1, GGR344H1, GGR350H1, GGR357H1, GGR361H1, GGR363H1, GGR366H1, GGR368H1, GGR391H1, GGR421H1, GGR431H1, GGR439H1, GGR450H1, GGR452H1; JFG470H1, JFG475H1; JGI216H1, JGI346H1. Of the 5.0 courses, additional options include up to 1.0 courses from Group
B.
Major program:
(7 full courses or their equivalent)
Note:
The general Geography major program is excluded from the arrangement whereby
students in a four-year degree may take two major programs sponsored
by the Department of Geography
Entry Requirement:
Students must have a CGPA of 2.0 or 67% in 1.0 GGR FCE at the 100 or
200 level
First Year:
1.0 courses from GGR100H1, GGR101H1, GGR107H1, GGR124H1 (GGR124H1 recommended) or 1.0 other courses with permission of department
Higher Years:
1. GGR220H1, GGR221H1, GGR270H1, GGR271H1
2. 4.0 courses from last option list in Specialist program above
Group B:
GGR270H1, GGR271H1, GGR272H1, GGR273H1, GGR337H1, GGR371H1, GGR373H1, GGR390H1, GGR391H1, GGR393H1, GGR462H1, GGR473H1, 480Y1, GGR490H1; JFG470H1, JFG475H1
Group C:
ENV236Y1; GGR201H1, GGR203H1, GGR205H1, GGR206H1, GGR301H1, GGR302H1, GGR303H1, GGR305H1, GGR307H1, GGR310H1, GGR314H1, GGR333H1 402H1, GGR403H1, 404H1, GGR409H1, GGR413H1, GGR490H1, JGE347H1, JGE348H
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