2004/2005 Calendar
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Economics Courses

See page 27 for Key to Course Descriptions
For Distribution Requirement purposes (see page 22), all ECO courses are classified as SOCIAL SCIENCE courses.

| Course Winter Timetable |


SSC199Y1
First Year Seminar        52S

Undergraduate seminar that focuses on specific ideas, questions, phenomena or controversies, taught by a regular Faculty member deeply engaged in the discipline. Open only to newly admitted first year students. It may serve as a distribution requirement course; see page 40.
Note
Enrolment in most Economics courses above the 100-level and, therefore, in all Economics Programs, is based on grades in ECO100Y1 or ECO105Y1 and, in some cases, MAT133Y1 or MAT135Y1 or MAT137Y1. Additional information is contained in the Registration Handbook and Timetable and the Departmental Handbook. Not all courses are offered each year.


ECO100Y1
Introduction to Economics        52L, 26T

An introduction to economic analysis and its applications: price determination; the role of competition; international trade and finance; the theory of production and employment; the role of money and the banking system; monetary and fiscal policy. NOTE graphical and quantitative analysis are used extensively.

Exclusion: ECO105Y1


ECO105Y1
Principles of Economics for Non-Specialists        52L, 26T

An introduction to the principles and methods of economics in association with policy issues. Lectures cover 24 topics, including economic growth, the importance of productivity, international trade, competitive markets, macroeconomic issues and more specific topics such as rent controls, OPEC, the international debt crisis, trade restrictions, the national debt and sustainable development. Students who intend to complete a minor, major, or specialist program in Economics are advised to take ECO100Y1.

Exclusion: ECO100Y1


ECO200Y1
Microeconomic Theory        52L, 26T

Theory of markets and prices. Determination of prices through the interaction of the basic economic units, the household as consumer and as supplier of inputs and the business firm as producer and as employer of inputs. The pricing system as the mechanism by which social decisions and allocation of goods are made in a market economy.

Exclusion: ECO206Y1
Prerequisite: ECO100Y1(63%/CGPA 2.50)/ECO105Y1(80%)


ECO202Y1
Macroeconomic Theory and Policy        52L, 26T

Theory of output, employment and the price level; techniques for achieving economic stability; central banking and Canadian financial institutions and markets; foreign exchange markets and the exchange rate. This course is not intended for those in the B.Com program; please see ECO209Y1.

Exclusion: ECO208Y1,ECO209Y1
Prerequisite: ECO100Y1(63%/CGPA 2.50)/ECO105Y1(80%)
Co-requisite: MAT133Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1


ECO206Y1
Microeconomic Theory        52L, 26T

This course deals more rigorously and more mathematically with the topics included in ECO200Y1 and is intended primarily for students in certain Specialist programs.

Exclusion: ECO200Y1
Prerequisite: ECO100Y1(70%); MAT133Y1(63%)/MAT135Y1(60%)/ MAT137Y1(55%)


ECO208Y1
Macroeconomic Theory        52L, 26T

This course deals more rigorously and more mathematically with the topics included in ECO202Y1 and is intended primarily for students in certain Specialist programs.

Exclusion: ECO202Y1
Prerequisite: ECO100Y1(70%); MAT133Y1(63%)/MAT135Y1(60%)/ MAT137Y1(55%)


ECO209Y1
Macroeconomic Theory and Policy        52L,26T

For Commerce students only.
Macroeconomic issues relevant for commerce students. Analytical tools are used to examine policy issues: Canadian government budgets, Bank of Canada monetary policy, exchange rate policy, foreign trade policy and government regulation of financial intermediaries. This course is only open to students in the B. Com (Commerce and Finance) program.
Prerequisite: ECO100Y1(63%/CGPA2.50)
Co-requisite: MAT133Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1

Exclusion: ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1


ECO210H1
Mathematical Methods for Economic Theory        26L

An introduction to mathematical methods commonly used in economic theory. Topics include unconstrained multivariate optimization, multivariate optimization subject to equality or inequality constraints and differential equations.

Exclusion: MAT235Y1, MAT237Y1
Prerequisite: ECO100Y1 (63%/CGPA2.50)/ECO105Y1 (80%); MAT133Y1 (63%)/MAT135Y1 (60%)/MAT137Y1 (55%)
Co-requisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1


ECO220Y1
Quantitative Methods in Economics        52L, 26T

Statistical analysis; elementary probability theory, sampling distributions, tests of hypotheses, estimation and multiple regression analysis. Applications in economic and business problems. Elementary calculus and matrix algebra are used.

Exclusion: ECO227Y1, GGR270Y, GGR270H1, PSY201H1, PSY202H1, SOC300Y1, STA220H1, STA221H1, STA250H1, STA255H1, STA257H1, STA261H1
Prerequisite: ECO100Y1 (63%/CGPA 2.50)/ECO105Y1 (80%); MAT133Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1


ECO221Y1
Canadian Economic History since 1500 (formerly ECO321Y1)        52L

Canadian economic growth and development as viewed through the staples thesis of Harold Innis. Reference to United States economic history throughout the course.
Prerequisite: ECO100Y1 (63%/CGPA 2.50)/ECO105Y1 (80%)

Exclusion: ECO 321Y, 323Y


ECO227Y1
Quantitative Methods in Economics        52L, 26T

This course deals more rigorously with the topics included in ECO220Y1 and is intended primarily for students in certain Specialist programs and other students planning to take ECO327Y1.

Exclusion: ECO220Y1, GGR270Y, GGR270H1, PSY201H1, PSY202H1, SOC300Y1, STA220H1, STA221H1, STA250H1, STA255H1, STA257H1, STA261H1
Prerequisite: ECO100Y1(70%); MAT133Y1 (63%)/MAT135Y1 (60%)/MAT137Y1 (55%)
Recommended Co-requisite: MAT235Y1/ (ECO210H1, MAT223H1/ MAT240H1)


ECO230Y1
International Economic Institutions and Policy        52L

The key concepts of international trade and finance are reviewed with an eye to understanding contemporary issues and recommending policy initiatives. Attention is given to empirical assessment of alternative trade theories and to broader international relations issues.

Exclusion: ECO328Y1
Prerequisite: ECO100Y1 (63%/CGPA 2.50)/ECO105Y1 (80%/CGPA 2.50)


ECO239Y1
Labour Markets and Policies        52L, 26T

Application of economic analysis to current issues in labour policy: immigration, retirement, education, unemployment, earnings differentials, employment and pay equity, labour unions, minimum wage, income policies.

Exclusion: ECO339Y1
Prerequisite: ECO100Y1 (63%/CGPA 2.50)/ECO105Y1 (80%/CGPA 2.50)


WDW244H1
Labour Relations

See Woodsworth College


ECO250Y1/251H1/252H1
Special Topics in Economics        52S/26S

Courses may be offered in one or more subjects each year. Students must meet the Prerequisites announced by the Department (see the Undergraduate Secretary for details).
Prerequisite: TBA


ECO299Y1
Research Opportunity Program

Credit course for supervised participation in faculty research project. See page 40 for details.
ECO 301Y1 European Economic History, 1250 - 1750 (formerly ECO201Y1) 52L
The development of the west European economy from the apogee of the Commercial Revolution era and the ensuing economic crises of the later - early 14th centuries to the eve of the modern Industrial Revolution, focusing on Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, the Low Countries and England. Major topics: feudalism, serfdom and other barriers to economic growth; demographic, monetary and other macroeconomic forces; the development of market economies; structural changes in and interactions among the agrarian, commercial, financial, and industrial sectors; overseas expansion and colonization; the role of Church, state, warfare, and social/political institutions; Mercantilism.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, plus seven full courses

Exclusion: ECO 201Y


ECO302H1
Comparative Economic Institutions in History (formerly ECO302Y1)        26L

Contrasting ways in which the factors of production - land, labour and capital - are organized in human society. Tribal, feudal, mercantilist and market economies are considered. A conceptual framework related to both market and non-market economies is examined, based on the work of Karl Polanyi.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1

Exclusion: ECO302Y, ECO354H


ECO303Y1
The Economic History of Modern Europe to 1914        52L

The economic development of modern Europe, focusing on urban industrialization in the Netherlands, Great Britain, France, Germany, and Russia, up to World War I. Major topics: technological, institutional, and social factors in economic growth; demographic and monetary forces; structural changes in and interactions among the agrarian, commercial, financial, and industrial sectors; international trade and capital flows; the role of the state; the role of economic theory and ideology; theories of post-1850 imperialism.

Exclusion: ECO203Y
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, plus 7 full courses


ECO306Y1
The United States in the World Economy        52L

U.S. economic history from European settlement to the late 20th century. Interrelationships of the U.S. and world developments, international migration, economic policies, institutions, capital flows and technological transfer.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1
Recommended preparation: ECO230Y1/ECO328Y1


ECO310Y1
Industrial Organization and Public Policy        52L

Analysis of firm behaviour in imperfectly competitive markets and how well those markets function. The impact of market power, limited information, transaction costs, barriers to entry, strategic behaviour of competitors, externalities and contractual agreements on firm and market performance. Evaluation of competition policy and government regulation.

Exclusion: ECO380H1
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/(STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1, STA261H1)


ECO313H1
Environmental Economics and Policies        26L

This course demonstrates the way that a rigorous application of microeconomic techniques can inform our responses to various environmental problems. Topics may include: air and water pollution and renewable resource management.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/(STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1, STA261H1)


ECO314H1
Energy and Resource Economics        26l

An investigation of the way that a rigorous application of microeconomic techniques can 1) improve our understanding of how resources like oil, minerals, fish, and forests are extracted in equilibrium, and 2) lead to improved management policies.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/(STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1, STA261H1)


ECO320H1
Economic Analysis of Law        26L

The practical application of microeconomic theory to common legal problems: torts, contracts, property and crime, and the limitations of economic analysis. No previous familiarity with the law is assumed. (This is an economic analysis of legal issues, not a course in law.)
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1


ECO324Y1
Economic Development        52L

Economic development theory and policy related to the economic transformation of the developing countries, including industrial and agricultural sector strategies, international trade policy, public sector activities and the importance of productivity growth and poverty reduction programs.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1/ECO209Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/ (STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1, STA261H1)


ECO325H1
Advanced Economic Theory - Macro        26L, 13T

This course develops the microeconomic foundations of macroeconomic theory and expand students' analytic skills by constructing and solving macroeconomic models. Topics may include: dynamic choice, neoclassical growth theory, uncertainty and rational expectations, business cycles, as well as fiscal and monetary policy.
Prerequisite: ECO208Y1/ECO202Y1(70%)/ECO209Y1(70%), ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/ (STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1, STA261H1)
Recommended preparation: MAT223H1/MAT240H1, MAT235Y1/ECO210H1


ECO326H1
Advanced Economic Theory - Micro        26L, 13T

Game theory and applications. Topics include: consumer and firm strategic decision-making, welfare economics, uncertainty and information, industrial organization. Emphasis on modeling and quantitative analysis.
Prerequisite: ECO206Y1/ECO200Y1(70%), ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/ (STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1,STA261H1); MAT133Y1(63%)/MAT135Y1(60%)/ MAT137Y1(55%)
Recommended preparation: MAT223H1/MAT240H1, MAT235Y1/ECO210H1


ECO327Y1
Applied Econometrics        52L, 26T

The development and application of statistical techniques in estimating economic models and testing economic theory. The implications and treatment of special statistical problems that arise in estimating economic relationships.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1/ECO209Y1/ECO227Y1/ ECO220Y1(70%)/ (STA250H1(70%), STA255H1(70%))/(STA257H1, STA261H1)
Recommended preparation: MAT235Y1/MAT237Y1(ECO210H1, MAT223H1/MAT240H1)


ECO328Y1
International Economics        52L, 26T

The operation of the international economy and the economic interdependence among nations, in terms of international monetary relationships, commodity trade and factor movements.

Exclusion: ECO230Y1
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1/ECO209Y1


ECO329H1
Topics in Monetary Economics        26L

Theories and techniques in monetary economics, including the equilibrium asset-pricing theory and modelling money as a medium of exchange, the Lucas supply curve, the choice of monetary policy rules versus discretion, and the liquidity effect of open market operations. Emphasis on the interactions between macroeconomic phenomena and individual decisions.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1/ECO209Y1, ECO220Y1/ ECO227Y1/(STA250H1,STA255H1)/(STA257H1,STA261H1), MAT133Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1

Exclusion: ECO352H


ECO332H1
Economics of the Family        26L

This course uses microeconomics to study the behaviour of the family, including marriage, divorce, intra-family allocations, investment in children and gender roles.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1; MAT133Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1


ECO333Y1
Urban Economics        52L

Spatial economic theory and urban public policy: firms and individuals in partial and general equilibrium, land development and land-use controls, urban transportation, efficiency and equity in spending and taxing.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1


ECO334Y1
Economics of Housing and Real Estate Markets        52L

The operation of the housing and other real estate markets and the markets for real estate finance; the impact of government intervention on income distribution, efficiency, and resource allocation in these markets.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1/ECO209Y1; ECO220Y1/ ECO227Y1/(STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1, STA261H1)


ECO336Y1
Public Economics        52L

Theory of public goods, externalities, and the politics of government policy. Analysis of equity, incidence and incentive effects of taxes. An analytical treatment of the public sector.

Exclusion: ECO236Y, 345H
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, MAT133Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1


ECO338H1
Economics of Education        26L

Application of microeconomic theory to conceptual and policy issues in education. Topics include the economic benefits and costs of education; investment in human capital and the returns to educational expenditures; the role of government in education; educational financing and planning.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, MAT133Y1/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1


ECO339Y1
Economics of Labour        52L, 26T

The operation of labour markets; determinants of supply and demand for labour; wage differentials; discrimination; investment in schooling and training; unemployment; economics of unions.

Exclusion: ECO239Y1, 361Y
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/(STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1, STA261H1)


ECO340H1
Economics of Income Distribution        26L

The personal distribution of income and wealth; distributive justice; measurement of inequality and poverty. The distributional effects of the tax system, government spending, economic regulation (including policies such as pay and employment equity), and macroeconomic policies.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1/ECO209Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/ (STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1, STA261H1)


ECO342Y1
Twentieth Century Economic History        52L

Economic development of Europe and certain overseas areas, particularly Japan and the United States. Special attention to globalization before 1914, problems of the interwar years, the Great Depression of the 1930's, the period since 1945, international trade, the balance of payments and exchange rate mechanisms, growth performance of the major industrial countries.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1/(ECO230Y1, POL208Y1)


ECO350Y1/351H1/352H1
Special Topics in Economics        52S/26S

Courses may be offered in one or more subjects each year. Students must meet the Prerequisites announced by the Department (see the Undergraduate Secretary for details).
Prerequisite: TBA


ECO353Y1/355H1
Special Topics in Economic        52S/26S 354H11/ History

Courses may be offered in one or more subjects each year. Students must meet the Prerequisites announced by the Department (see the Undergraduate Secretary for details).
Prerequisite: TBA


ECO358H1
Financial Economics I        26L

An introduction to economics of financial assets and financial markets. Topics: inter-temporal choice, expected utility theory, security valuation, selected asset pricing models, market efficiency, term structure of interest rates and international foreign exchange rate systems - essential materials for an understanding of the role and operation of financial markets.

Exclusion: MGT331Y, 337Y
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/(STA250H1,STA255H1)/ (STA257H1/STA261H1)


ECO359H1
Financial Economics II        26L

Agency and incomplete information problems inherent in financial transactions; the role of contractual arrangements in overcoming them. Financial constraints on investment decisions of firms; the financial system in economic growth; the legal system in the functioning of financial markets. A look at theoretical and empirical literature covering these issues.
Prerequisite: ECO358H1

Exclusion: MGT331Y/337Y


ECO360Y1
Economic Growth and Technological Change        52L

With emphasis on the United States, Japan and Canada, this course examines theories of capitalism; Long Wave Cycle, the importance of productivity growth and Solow's residual, the economics of technological change, the Japanese/U.S. trade interface, the economic slowdown since 1973 and the current Canadian productivity challenge.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1/ECO209Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/ (STA250H1, STA255H1/STA257H1)


ECO369Y1
Health Economics        52L

The provision of health care provides many special problems of informational asymmetry, regulation, insurance and redistribution. The course considers the demand and supply side problems. Alternative reform proposals for health care are explored.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1


ECO370Y1
Economics of Organizations        52L

An introduction to the economic analysis of organizations and, in particular, the firm. An investigation of how markets can solve the twin problems of coordinating activities and motivating individuals; and, when markets are less successful, how organizations and special contractual relationships emerge as alternative institutions for allocating resources.

Exclusion: ECO381H1, ECO426H1
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1; ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/(STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1, STA261H1)


ECO380H1
Managerial Economics I: Competitive Strategy        26L

This course in applied microeconomics is concerned with the functioning of markets and the behaviour of firms within these markets. The focus is on strategic relationships between organizations. This includes competitive relationships among firms in the same market and cooperative relationships between a firm and its suppliers and distributors.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/(STA250H1,STA255H1)/ (STA257H1,STA261H1)

Exclusion: ECO310Y1, MGT310Y


ECO381H1
Managerial Economics II: Personnel Economics        26L

An examination of selected material on compensation and incentives in hierarchical organizations. Topics include recruitment and hiring, training, turnover, downsizing, motivating workers, teams, allocating authority and task assignment.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/(STA250H1,STA255H1)/ (STA257H1,STA261H1)

Exclusion: ECO370Y1/ECO426H1, MGT310Y


ECO398H0/
Independent Experiential Study Project

399Y0
An instructor-supervised group project in an off-campus setting. See page 40 for details.


ECO392H1
The Economics of Communications Networks        26L

Economic issues in the major communications networks (Internet and telephone). These networks confront stochastic and time varying demands, which create interesting pricing problems. There is an emphasis on the supply side and the role of competition in a dynamic industry with technological convergence.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/(STA250H1,STA255H1), (STA257H1,STA261H1)

Exclusion: ECO351H
Note:
Many 400-level courses are offered as joint undergraduate and graduate courses. Students interested in any of these courses should consult with the instructor before enroling.


JPE400Y1
The Political Economy of Development        52S

An integration of economics and political science to explore both the domestic and international obstacles to development in the contemporary Third World and the efficacy of the development strategies actually followed. (Given by the Departments of Economics and Political Science)
Prerequisite: ECO100Y1; at least one course in the politics of a developing area.


ECO416H1
Macroeconometric Models for Policy Analysis and Forecasting        26L, 13T

The construction and operation of macroeconometric models. The use of models for conducting policy simulations and for generating quantitative forecasts of economic activity.
Prerequisite: ECO325H1
Co-requisite: ECO327Y1


ECO418H1
Empirical Applications of Economic Theory        26L

An empirical study of econometric methodologies and their economic application, with emphasis on cross-sectional and panel data. This may include linear panel data model, extremum estimators, discrete choice models and simulation estimators. Examples are explored in labour economics, industrial organization, macroeconomics. Students need familiarity with either STATA, Gauss or Matlab.
Prerequisite: ECO206Y1, ECO327Y1


ECO419H1
International Macroeconomics        26L

Contemporary issues in international monetary economics and marcroeconomic policy formulation in open economies like Canada. A study of forces determining interest rates and exchange rates, inflation and unemployment; analysis of government policy in relation to financial markets.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1/ECO209Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/ (STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1, STA261H1), permission of instructor


ECO420Y1/421H1/422H1
Special Topics in Economics        52S/26S

Seminars or workshops may be offered in one or more subjects each year. Students must meet the Prerequisites announced by the Department. (See the Undergraduate Secretary for details.)
Prerequisite: TBA, permission of instructor


ECO423H1
Topics in North American Economic History        26L

Themes are incentives, contracts, and the impetus for change within North America. Topics covered: the staples growth thesis, slavery, indentured servitude, apprenticeships, technical change, the evolution of production, the rise of the factory, fertility and convergence.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/permission of the instructor


ECO424H1
Topics in Development Economics        26L

Economic analysis of topics in economic development, such as patterns of growth, issues of poverty and inequality, land reform, tax design and price reform. Focus on application of theory, especially statistical analysis relating to conduct of economic policy in developing countries.
Prerequisite: ECO206Y1, ECO327Y1/permission of the instructor


ECO425H1
Economics and Demographics        26S

A research-oriented course exploring the interrelationships between economics and demographic change, both historical and projected, with attention to the microeconomic foundations, macroeconomic performance, and policy in areas such as fertility, migration, education, labour markets, housing, crime, recreation, leisure, marketing, health, retirement and pensions. The Canadian experience, with some international comparisons.
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1/ECO209Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1/ (STA250H1, STA255H1)/(STA257H1, STA261H1)
Co-requisite: ECO327Y1/STA302H1/STA352Y1


ECO426H1
Economics inside Organizations        26L

An examination of selected research on compensation, incentive issues, cooperation and allocation of authority in hierarchical organizations.

Exclusion: ECO381H1, ECO370Y1
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO220Y1/ECO227Y1 (with a minimum grade of 70% in each)/permission of the instructor


ECO429Y1
History of Economic Thought (formerly ECO322Y1)        52L

Development of analytical economics from the 18th century with emphasis on Adam Smith and the British Classical School (David Ricardo, T.R. Malthus, and J.S. Mill), Karl Marx, the Marginalists and their successors to 1939, including Keynes.

Exclusion: ECO322Y1
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1; ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1/ECO209Y1


ECO430Y1/431H1
Reading Course or Thesis        TBA

Intended for advanced Specialist students who have exhausted course offerings in a particular area. Open only when a faculty member is available and willing to supervise. Students must obtain the approval of the Associate Chairman for Undergraduate Studies before enrolling.


ECO432H1
Topics in Mathematical Economics (formerly ECO432Y1)        26L

Topics in the economics of information, with particular emphasis on how Bayesian rational people behave under uncertainty. Topics will include comparative statics under uncertainty, Bayesian learning, the value of information and information acquisition, matching theory and search theory.
Prerequisite: ECO206Y1, ECO227Y1/(STA257H1,STA261H1), MAT237Y1 and permission of instructor

Exclusion: ECO422H


ECO435H1
The Economics of Modern China (formerly ECO335Y1)        26L

A focus on post-1949 Chinese economy, and the PRC's economic legacy. Economic development during the Maoist period, particularly post-1979 reforms. China's experience is compared to Eastern Europe's and the role of China in the rapidly growing East Asian economy. This a limited enrolment seminar requiring extensive reading.
Prerequisite: ECO206Y1 or permission of instructor

Exclusion: ECO335Y


ECO450H1
Long Term Economic Growth: Historical and Theoretical Perpsectives        26L

Stylized facts about growth and development; how a simple neoclassical growth model explains these observations. New growth models emphasizing institutions, endogenous population growth and technological change; how they explain cross-country income differences in the postwar period; the historical experience in some countries, with a look at Europe and Asia.
Prerequisite: ECO206Y1, ECO208Y1

Exclusion: ECO421H


ECO451H1
Macroeconomic Growth        26L

An introduction to modern theories of the determinants of macroeconomic growth that examines the important question of why some countries are rich and others are poor. Topics include: investigation of empirical literature pertaining to international comparisons of recent and past rates of economic growth across countries.
Prerequisite: ECO325H1, ECO327Y1


ECO452H1
The Modernization of the European Economy, 1750-1939        26S

National economic development primarily in Great Britain, France, Germany, and Russia, with focus on industrialization, agricultural change, banking and finance, state economic policies; international trade and factor movements, poverty and income distribution.

Exclusion: ECO452Y
Prerequisite: ECO200Y1/ECO206Y1, ECO202Y1/ECO208Y1/ECO209Y1


ECO457Y1
The International Economy, 1870 - 1970        52S

Topics vary with the interest and backgrounds of the participants: subjects normally include international monetary arrangements; patterns of international trade, competition and payments; migration and capital flows; imperialism and dependency; international fluctuations; the effects of the world wars on the international economy and the evolution of international economic institutions.
Prerequisite: A grade of "B" in ECO328Y1/ECO342Y1, plus a grade of "B" in one other ECO course at the 300-level


ECO459H1
International Trade Regulation        26L

The theory and political economy of international trade, with examination of specific trade institutions: Bretton Woods, WTO, NAFTA, tariff administration, most-favoured nation treatment, antidumping regulation, subsidies and countervailing duties, agriculture, trade in services, trade-related intellectual property, trade and environment, trade and developing countries.
Prerequisite: ECO328Y1, permission of instructor


ECO461H1
The Economics of Financial Risk Management        26L

The role of risk management in both private and public sectors, a discussion of why firms and government should hedge financial risks; individual and social gains of financial risk management; identification and quantification of financial risks (including Value-at-Risk measures); how derivative securities can be used for financial risk management.
Prerequisite: ECO358H1


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