Introduction

The Archaeology Program focuses on the study of past human societies primarily through their material remains, or "material culture." Archaeologists explore the nature of and changes in past cultures around the world through survey, excavation and analyses of stone tools, pottery, bones, plant remains, architecture and other cultural residues. Some of the major research foci of archaeologists are the nature of hunter-gatherer technology and economy in the Pleistocene, the origins of agriculture, pastoralism, urbanism and politically complex states, the workings of ancient exchange systems, and the development of class-based and gender-based political and economic inequalities in complex societies. Working archaeologists often specialize geographically, chronologically or thematically. Classical archaeologists, for example, specialize in the cultures of the ancient Greco-Roman world, while palaeoethnobotanists explore ways that botanical residues of ancient and prehistoric cultures can inform us about their economies and social systems. The specialist programs allow students to explore archaeology in a multidisciplinary setting.

Students in either specialist program should consult the program coordinator or faculty members in their intended areas of specialization for advice on the selection of courses. Those intending to go on to graduate studies in departments such as Fine Art History and Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations should pay particular attention to language requirements at the graduate level.

The Archaeology Specialist (Arts program) is designed for students in the Social Sciences or Humanities, who may be interested in such fields as prehistoric, Aegean, Classical, historical and Near and Middle Eastern archaeology. See details below. Students interested in pursuing graduate studies should combine it with study of the ancient and modern languages relevant to their primary area of interest.

The Prehistoric Archaeology Major (Arts program) is designed for students whose interests are in prehistoric archaeology, and who want to combine it with a Major in a field not traditionally associated with archaeology. See details below.

The Archaeological Science Specialist (Scence program) allows students with science backgrounds to obtain training in areas of study related to archaeometry, geoarchaeology, osteoarchaeology, paleoethnobotany, and other archaeological sciences. See details below.

The Archaeological Science Major (Scence program) allows students doing a Major in the mathematical or life sciences to combine that Major with training in archaeological sciences. See details below.
Students are encouraged to seek counselling and information about this program from the Anthropology

Undergraduate Administrator/Student Counsellor, Anthropology (416-978-6414).

Archaeology Programs

1. Enrolment in the Archaeology programs is open to students who have completed four full course equivalents.
2. Only ONE Archaeology Program may be selected.

Archaeology (Arts program)

Specialist Program:
(10.5 full courses or equivalent, including at least one 400+series course)

First Year:
1. ANT200Y1
2. One of: ANT100Y1/CLA160Y1/GGR100Y1/NMC101Y1

Second Year:
1. ARH305H1
2. GGR270H1* ( or a half-course from STA220H1, STA221H1, STA247H1, STA248H1, STA250H1, STA255H1, STA257H1, STA261H1, ANT C35H3**)
3. Two full course equivalents from ANT203Y1/ANT204Y1; CLA230H1, CLA231H1;FAH205H1; NMC260Y1

NOTES:
* Geography pre- or co-requisites waived for Anthropology students.
** To be taken at the Scarborough Campus

Third and Fourth Years:
1. One full course equivalent from Group A
2. 2.5 courses from Groups B-C
3. Field Requirement: ANT311Y1/ARH361H1/NMC 261Y1. If ARH361H1 is taken, an additional ANT half-credit is required.
4. Lab Requirement: ARH312Y1/(JPA305H1, JPA310H1)

Prehistoric Archaeology (Arts program)

Major Program:
(6 full courses or equivalent, including at least two 300+series courses)

First Year: ANT100Y1

Second Year: ANT200Y1

Third and Fourth Years:
1. ARH305H1
2. 2.5 courses from the Anthropology Group A (of which 1.0 credit must be at the 400 level).
3. Field and Lab Requirement: 1.0 course equivalent from: ANT311Y1/ARH361H1/NMC 261Y1/ARH312Y1/JPA305H1, JPA310H1

Archaeological Science (Science program)

Specialist Program:
(12 full courses or equivalent, including at least one 400+series course)

First Year:
1. ANT200Y1
2. One of: ANT100Y1/GGR100Y1/(GLG100H1, GLG110H1)
3. One of: BIO150Y1/(CHM138H1, CHM139H1)/MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1/MAT157Y1/PHY110Y1/PHY138Y1/PHY140Y1

Second Year:
1. ARH305H1
2. ENV236Y1
3. One full course equivalent from: BOT202Y1/BOT251Y1; CHM217H1; GGR201H1, GGR205H1/GGR270H1/GGR272H1, GGR273H1; GLG206H1/ GLG216H1/ GLG217H1; ZOO214Y1/ZOO252Y1/ZOO263Y1

Third and Fourth Years:
1. One course from Group A
2. One course from Group C
3. 2.5 courses from Group B
4. Field Requirement: ANT311Y1/ARH361H1/NMC 261Y1. If ARH361H1 is taken, an additional ANT half-credit is required.
5. Lab Requirement: ARH312Y1/(JPA305H1, JPA310H1)

Major Program:
(7 full courses or equivalent, including at least two 300+series courses)

First Year:
1. ANT100Y1
2. At least one of: GGR100Y1; MAT135Y1/MAT137Y1/MAT157Y1; BIO150Y1; (CHM138H1, CHM139H1); PHY110Y1/PHY138Y1/ PHY140Y1

Second Year:
ANT200Y1

Third and Fourth Years:
1. ARH305H1
2. One 300+series course from Groups A or C
3. 1.5 courses from Group B
4. Field and Lab Requirement: 1.0 course equivalent from: ANT311Y1/ARH361H1/NMC 261Y1 or ARH312Y1/(JPA305H1, JPA310H1)

Archaeology Groups

Group A: Advanced Theory
ANT409H1, ANT410H1, ANT411H1, ANT417H1, ANT420H1; HIS425H1

Group B: Method and Interpretation
1. Archaeometry: CHM317H1, CHM414H1, CHM416H1, CHM418Y1; ENV315H1; GGR337H1; JPA400Y1; NMC369H1
2. Ceramic and Lithic Analysis: ANT406H1; NMC369H1, NMC462Y1, NMC465H1, NMC466H1
3. Geoarchaeology: ANT409H1; ENV315H1; GGR301H1, GGR302H1, GGR307H1, GGR337H1, GGR373H1, GGR390H1, GGR413H1; GLG340H1, GLG360H1
4. Osteoarchaeology and Zooarchaeology: ANT332Y1, ANT334Y1, ANT415Y1, 428H1, ANT429Y1, ANT434H1; BIO323H1, BIO324H1
5. Paleoethnobotany: BOT300H1, BOT307H1, BOT310H1, BOT341H1; GGR302H1, GGR305H1, GGR310H1, GGR331H1, GGR390H1; HIS318Y1

Group C: Area Courses
1. Classical and Aegean Archaeology: CLA230H1, CLA231H1, CLA232H1, CLA233H1, CLA378H1; FAH205H1, FAH300H1
2. Egyptian Archaeology: JAL328H1; NMC362Y1, NMC371Y1, NMC382Y1, NMC461Y1
3. European and Celtic Archaeology: HIS322Y1; SMC344Y1, SMC345Y1
4. Historical Archaeology: ANT412H1,GGR336H1, GGR366H1, GGR392H1, GGR446H1; HIS365H1, 371Y1, HIS456Y1
5. Islamic Archaeology: NMC, 366Y1, 374Y1, HIS375Y1, 376H1, 392H1, 464H1
6. Near Eastern Archaeology: JAL328H1; NMC361Y1, NMC363Y1, NMC370Y1, NMC372Y1, NMC461Y1, NMC466H1
7. North American Prehistory: ANT310Y1, ANT315H1, ANT365Y1
8. Old World Prehistory: ANT 314H1, ANT419H1; ARH360Y1; GGR310H1